Drummond S, Kirk T
Centre for Nutrition and Food Research, Queen Margaret College, Edinburgh, UK.
Public Health Nutr. 1999 Jun;2(2):187-97. doi: 10.1017/s1368980099000245.
To compare the effect of advice to reduce both dietary fat and sugar with advice to reduce fat alone on subsequent dietary intake in Scottish men.
A parallel design intervention study was employed to measure compliance to the two types of dietary advice. Subjects were randomly assigned to Group 1 (advice to reduce fat and non-milk extrinsic (NME) sugar), Group 2 (advice to reduce fat only, ad libitum sugar) or a control Group 0 (no advice). Compliance was assessed by two 4-day food diaries over 6 months.
The study was conducted in the Strathclyde area of Scotland.
Subjects were normal to moderately overweight Scottish men. The men recruited were non-dieting and volunteered for a 'healthy eating' study with the aim to improve the 'healthiness' of their diet.
Groups 1 and 2 achieved the dietary target for fat, reducing their mean intake to below 35% energy. Group 1 achieved a statistically significant reduction in percentage energy from NME sugar in the short term (6 weeks), decreasing their mean intake from 9.9% to 7.2% energy. This initial decrease appeared to slip back towards baseline levels at 6 months (8.1% energy from NME sugar) and was no longer significantly different from baseline. At 6 months Group 1 reported a significantly lower mean energy intake than at baseline, whereas Group 2 adjusted for an initial decrease in energy intake and by 6 months energy intakes were not significantly different from baseline intakes. Group 2 appeared to compensate for the absolute reduction in dietary fat with a slight increase in total sugars and the maintenance of NME sugar intakes.
Subjects in Group 1 complied with advice to reduce both fat and sugar over 6 weeks but to a lesser extent over 6 months. The 1.8% reduction in percentage energy from NME sugars in Group 1 at 6 months may not have reached significance due to the small sample size. Alternatively it may be that free-living populations find it hard to maintain concurrent reductions in fat and sugar owing to the well-documented inverse relationship between intakes of these macronutrients when expressed as a proportion of energy.
比较建议减少膳食脂肪和糖与仅建议减少脂肪对苏格兰男性后续膳食摄入量的影响。
采用平行设计干预研究来衡量对两种膳食建议的依从性。受试者被随机分配到第1组（建议减少脂肪和非乳类外来（NME）糖）、第2组（仅建议减少脂肪，随意摄入糖）或对照组0（无建议）。通过在6个月内的两份4天食物日记来评估依从性。
该研究在苏格兰的斯特拉斯克莱德地区进行。
受试者为正常至中度超重的苏格兰男性。招募的男性未节食，自愿参加一项“健康饮食”研究，旨在改善其饮食的“健康程度”。
第1组和第2组实现了脂肪的膳食目标，将平均摄入量降至低于能量的35%。第1组在短期内（6周）实现了来自NME糖的能量百分比的统计学显著降低，其平均摄入量从能量的9.9%降至7.2%。这种最初的降低在6个月时似乎又回到了基线水平（来自NME糖的能量为8.1%），且与基线不再有显著差异。在6个月时，第1组报告的平均能量摄入量显著低于基线，而第2组对能量摄入量的最初降低进行了调整，到6个月时能量摄入量与基线摄入量无显著差异。第2组似乎通过总糖的轻微增加和NME糖摄入量的维持来补偿膳食脂肪的绝对减少。
第1组的受试者在6周内遵守了减少脂肪和糖的建议，但在6个月内程度较小。由于样本量小，第1组在6个月时来自NME糖的能量百分比降低1.8%可能未达到显著水平。或者可能是自由生活人群发现由于这些宏量营养素摄入量以能量比例表示时存在充分记录的负相关关系，难以同时维持脂肪和糖的减少。
