Winters Barbara L, Mitchell Diane C, Smiciklas-Wright Helen, Grosvenor Mary B, Liu Weiqing, Blackburn George L
American Health Foundation, New York, NY, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2004 Apr;104(4):551-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2004.01.012.
The objectives of this study were to assess the types of dietary changes made by women who successfully reduced their fat intake in response to low-fat diet instruction and to evaluate the effects of these changes on nutrient intake.
Two hundred women enrolled in the low-fat intervention arm of the Women's Intervention Nutrition Study (WINS) were randomly selected. Woman whose baseline fat intake was less than 20% energy from fat were excluded from the study, resulting in a total population of 163. These women were categorized into either the strictly adherent (SA) (those who met their fat gram goal and reported less than 20 % calories from fat, n=50) or the not strictly adherent (NSA) (those who exceeded their fat gram goal and reported 20% or greater calories from fat, n=113) group. The food choices made by SA and NSA subjects were analyzed to identify those that promoted greater adherence.
SUBJECTS/SETTING: The participants were free-living women who had been instructed to follow a diet that would meet a specific fat gram goal calculated to provide 15% of calories from fat.
Descriptive statistics were used to describe food groups and subgroups. t tests were used to determine statistical significance between and within groups. chi(2) analysis was used to assess differences in demographic variables.
There were no marked differences in food patterns of the SA and NSA subjects when compared with the Food Guide Pyramid (FGP) recommendations. Both met FGP serving recommendations at baseline. At 12 months, both showed reductions in the number of servings from fats and oils; SA subjects showed a greater reduction (from 4.18+/-3.6 to 3.0+/-2.4) as well as a reduction in servings from the bread group intake (5.7+/-2.2 to 4.8+/-2.1). Evaluation of food subgroups from within FGP groups showed strategies that promoted fat reduction, such as reducing portion sizes of high-fat foods. The use of these strategies was greater in the SA subjects. The reduction in fat intake had little impact on nutrient adequacy. SA and NSA subjects reduced energy intake from baseline to follow-up, with SA subjects reporting lower intakes. There were few differences in nutrient intakes between the SA and NSA subjects at either time period.
The results from this study suggest specific strategies that promote successful reduction in fat intake without compromising nutrient intake. This information can be used to guide others in making dietary changes.
本研究的目的是评估那些响应低脂饮食指导成功降低脂肪摄入量的女性所进行的饮食变化类型，并评估这些变化对营养摄入的影响。
从参加女性干预营养研究（WINS）低脂干预组的200名女性中随机选取。基线脂肪摄入量低于能量的20%的女性被排除在研究之外，最终共有163人。这些女性被分为严格依从组（SA）（那些达到脂肪克数目标且报告脂肪提供的热量低于20%的人，n = 50）或非严格依从组（NSA）（那些超过脂肪克数目标且报告脂肪提供的热量为20%或更高的人，n = 113）。分析SA组和NSA组受试者的食物选择，以确定那些促进更高依从性的选择。
受试者/背景：参与者为自由生活的女性，她们被指导遵循一种饮食，该饮食要达到一个特定的脂肪克数目标，计算得出脂肪提供15%的热量。
描述性统计用于描述食物组和亚组。t检验用于确定组间和组内的统计学显著性。卡方分析用于评估人口统计学变量的差异。
与食物指南金字塔（FGP）的建议相比，SA组和NSA组受试者的食物模式没有明显差异。两组在基线时都符合FGP的份数建议。在12个月时，两组的油脂份数都减少了；SA组受试者减少得更多（从4.18±3.6降至3.0±2.4），面包组的摄入量也减少了（从5.7±2.2降至4.8±2.1）。对FGP组内食物亚组的评估显示了促进脂肪减少的策略，例如减少高脂肪食物的份量。SA组受试者更多地使用了这些策略。脂肪摄入量的减少对营养充足性影响不大。SA组和NSA组受试者从基线到随访期间能量摄入量都减少了，SA组受试者报告的摄入量更低。在两个时间段，SA组和NSA组受试者的营养摄入量几乎没有差异。
本研究结果表明了一些特定策略，这些策略能成功促进脂肪摄入量的降低而不影响营养摄入。这些信息可用于指导其他人进行饮食改变。
