Non-invasive testing for Helicobacter pylori.

Confirmed and potential benefits of eradicating Helicobacter pylori have led to the development of a range of diagnostic tests. As well as techniques using biopsy tissue obtained during endoscopy, a number of non-invasive tests are now available. These may be appropriate for pre-endoscopy screening of younger dyspeptics, for use in research, particularly epidemiological surveys, to confirm successful eradication after treatment, and possibly in the future for screening in asymptomatic populations. Serology requiring laboratory analysis is likely to be the least expensive option, particularly suitable for testing large numbers, while urea breath tests should yield the most accurate results and are appropriate for confirming successful eradication since only current infection is detected. The performance of near-patient tests can lack consistency, but these may be useful for small numbers and where other non-invasive testing is unavailable. Tests should be used with an awareness of their potential limitations in terms of accuracy.