Malhotra P, Kumari S, Kumar R, Jain S, Sharma B K
Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
J Hum Hypertens. 1999 Jul;13(7):467-72. doi: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1000864.
Recent studies have indicated a rising prevalence of hypertension in rural and urban areas of India. A population-based survey was carried out during 1994-1995 in seven rural and non-industrialised villages around RaipurRani block in the state of Haryana, India, to determine the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors. A total of 2559 individuals (86% of the eligible population) in the 16 to 70-year age group were interviewed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire to find out the lifestyle characteristics. Three blood pressure (BP) readings were recorded with a random zero sphygmomanometer at three different times. One hundred and fourteen individuals (4.5%) were found to be hypertensive according to JNC V criteria (BP of > or = 140/90 mm Hg). Mean systolic and diastolic BPs were 116.9 and 71.7 mmHg in males and 119.1 and 72.7 mm Hg in female subjects respectively (P < 0.001). Females had significantly higher prevalence of hypertension than males (5.8% vs 3.0%, P < 0.05). Mean age of hypertensives (50.3 +/- 13.5 years) was higher than normotensives (34.9 +/- 14.5 years, P < 0.001). The prevalence of various risk factors among hypertensives as compared to normotensives were alcohol consumption (43.2% vs 23.1%, only among males, P < 0.001), higher economic status (P < 0.001) and smoking (43% vs 41.5%, P > 0.05). In addition hypertensives had higher mean weight (53.8 kg vs 48.4 kg, P < 0.001) and higher body mass index (21.5 vs 18.9 kg/m2, P < 0.001). Analysis showed that advancing age, sedentary lifestyle, higher alcohol consumption and higher body mass index are the risk factors for hypertension in the rural un-industrialised population of India.
近期研究表明，印度农村和城市地区高血压的患病率呈上升趋势。1994年至1995年期间，在印度哈里亚纳邦赖布尔拉尼街区周围的7个农村和非工业化村庄开展了一项基于人群的调查，以确定高血压的患病率及其相关危险因素。使用预先测试的结构化问卷对16至70岁年龄组的2559人（占符合条件人口的86%）进行了访谈，以了解其生活方式特征。使用随机零点血压计在三个不同时间记录三次血压读数。根据美国国家联合委员会第五版标准（血压≥140/90 mmHg），发现114人（4.5%）患有高血压。男性的平均收缩压和舒张压分别为116.9 mmHg和71.7 mmHg，女性受试者分别为119.1 mmHg和72.7 mmHg（P<0.001）。女性高血压患病率显著高于男性（5.8%对3.0%，P<0.05）。高血压患者的平均年龄（50.3±13.5岁）高于血压正常者（34.9±14.5岁，P<0.001）。与血压正常者相比，高血压患者中各种危险因素的患病率分别为饮酒（仅男性中为43.2%对23.1%，P<0.001）、经济状况较好（P<0.001）和吸烟（43%对41.5%，P>0.05）。此外，高血压患者的平均体重更高（53.8 kg对48.4 kg，P<0.001），体重指数也更高（21.5对18.9 kg/m²，P<0.001）。分析表明，年龄增长、久坐不动的生活方式、饮酒量增加和体重指数升高是印度农村非工业化人群患高血压的危险因素。
