Ambrose N G, Yairi E
Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign 61820, USA.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 1999 Aug;42(4):895-909. doi: 10.1044/jslhr.4204.895.
Although the past 50 years of research on early childhood stuttering and normal disfluency have produced vital information on the general features of disfluent speech behavior of young children, an adequate normative reference for early stuttering does not exist. The purpose of this report is to provide such reference and to provide a basis for clinical needs of differential diagnosis of stuttering from normal disfluency. Data are presented from 90 stuttering children ages 2 to 5 within 6 months of stuttering onset and from 54 age-matched normally fluent children. Means for disfluency types are presented. No significant differences were found for gender or for age. Stuttering-like disfluencies (SLD) did differ significantly for the stuttering and fluent groups, but other disfluencies (OD) did not. A weighted SLD is defined to further clarify differences between the groups. The pattern of disfluency types for normally fluent and for mild, moderate, and severe stuttering is presented. Stuttering is shown to be qualitatively as well as quantitatively different from normal disfluency even at the earliest stages of stuttering. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
尽管在过去50年里，针对幼儿口吃和正常言语不流畅的研究已经产生了关于幼儿言语不流畅行为一般特征的重要信息，但目前尚无关于早期口吃的充分规范参考标准。本报告的目的是提供这样的参考标准，并为从正常言语不流畅中鉴别诊断口吃的临床需求提供依据。报告呈现了90名年龄在2至5岁、口吃发作6个月内的口吃儿童以及54名年龄匹配的正常流畅儿童的数据。给出了言语不流畅类型的均值。在性别和年龄方面未发现显著差异。口吃组和流畅组在类口吃言语不流畅（SLD）方面存在显著差异，但在其他言语不流畅（OD）方面则没有。定义了一个加权SLD以进一步阐明两组之间的差异。呈现了正常流畅儿童以及轻度、中度和重度口吃儿童的言语不流畅类型模式。研究表明，即使在口吃的最早阶段，口吃在质和量上都与正常言语不流畅有所不同。文中还讨论了其临床和研究意义。
