Bocian-Sobkowska J, Zabel M, Wozniak W, Surdyk-Zasada J
Department of Anatomy, University School of Medical Sciences, 6 'Swiecicki Str., PL-60781 Poznán, Poland.
Histochem Cell Biol. 1999 Aug;112(2):147-53. doi: 10.1007/s004180050401.
Histological studies were performed on 30 pancreases obtained from normal human fetuses aged between the 9th and 38th week. For immunocytochemistry, the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method was used to identify and colocalise insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. In the 9th week, cells containing all investigated peptides were present. During the fetal period, two populations of endocrine cells have been distinguished, Langerhans islets and freely dispersed cells. The free cells were polyhormonal, containing insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide, and were localised in the walls of pancreatic ducts throughout the whole gland. During the development of the islets we have observed four stages: (1) the scattered polyhormonal cell stage (9th-10th week), (2) the immature polyhormonal islet stage (11th-15th week), (3) the insulin monohormonal core islet stage (16th-29th week), in which zonular and mantle islets are observed, and (4) the polymorphic islet stage (from the 30th week onwards), which is characterised by the presence of monohormonal cells expressing glucagon or somatostatin. Bigeminal and polar islets also appeared during this last stage. The islets consisted of an insulin core surrounded by a thick (in the part developing from the dorsal primordium) or thin rim (part of the pancreas concerned with the ventral primordium) of intermingled mono- or dihormonal glucagon-positive or somatostatin-positive cells. The most externally located polyhormonal cells exhibited a reaction for glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide. Apart from the above-mentioned types of islets, all arrangements observed in earlier stages were present. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells (single in the large islets and more numerous in the smaller ones) were predominantly observed in the outermost layer. Taken together our data indicate that, during the human prenatal development of the islet, endocrine cells are able to synthesise several different hormones. Maturation of these cells involved or depended on a change from a polyhormonal to a monohormonal state and is concerned with decreasing proliferative capacity. This supports the concept of a common precursor stem cell for the hormone-producing cells of the fetal human pancreas.
对取自9至38周龄正常人类胎儿的30个胰腺进行了组织学研究。对于免疫细胞化学，采用抗生物素蛋白-生物素-过氧化物酶法来鉴定和共定位胰岛素、胰高血糖素、生长抑素、胰多肽和增殖细胞核抗原。在第9周时，含有所有研究肽类的细胞就已存在。在胎儿期，已区分出两种内分泌细胞群，即胰岛和自由分散的细胞。自由细胞是多激素的，含有胰岛素、胰高血糖素、生长抑素和胰多肽，且遍布整个腺体，定位于胰管壁。在胰岛发育过程中，我们观察到四个阶段：(1) 散在的多激素细胞阶段（第9至10周），(2) 不成熟的多激素胰岛阶段（第11至15周），(3) 胰岛素单激素核心胰岛阶段（第16至29周），在此阶段可观察到带状和被膜胰岛，以及(4) 多形性胰岛阶段（从第30周起），其特征是存在表达胰高血糖素或生长抑素的单激素细胞。在最后这个阶段也出现了双生胰岛和极性胰岛。胰岛由一个胰岛素核心组成，其周围是一层厚的（在由背侧原基发育而来的部分）或薄的边缘（与腹侧原基相关的胰腺部分），边缘由混合的单激素或双激素胰高血糖素阳性或生长抑素阳性细胞组成。最外层的多激素细胞对胰高血糖素、生长抑素和胰多肽呈阳性反应。除了上述类型的胰岛外，早期观察到的所有排列方式都存在。增殖细胞核抗原阳性细胞（在大胰岛中单个存在，在小胰岛中较多）主要见于最外层。综合我们的数据表明，在人类胰岛的产前发育过程中，内分泌细胞能够合成几种不同的激素。这些细胞的成熟涉及或依赖于从多激素状态向单激素状态的转变，并且与增殖能力的降低有关。这支持了人类胎儿胰腺激素产生细胞存在共同前体干细胞的概念。
