Bhalla M, Proffitt D R
Department of Psychology, Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1999 Aug;25(4):1076-96. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.25.4.1076.
In 4 experiments, it was shown that hills appear steeper to people who are encumbered by wearing a heavy backpack (Experiment 1), are fatigued (Experiment 2), are of low physical fitness (Experiment 3), or are elderly and/or in declining health (Experiment 4). Visually guided actions are unaffected by these manipulations of physiological potential. Although dissociable, the awareness and action systems were also shown to be interconnected. Recalibration of the transformation relating awareness and actions was found to occur over long-term changes in physiological potential (fitness level, age, and health) but not with transitory changes (fatigue and load). Findings are discussed in terms of a time-dependent coordination between the separate systems that control explicit visual awareness and visually guided action.
在4项实验中，研究表明，对于背负沉重背包的人（实验1）、感到疲劳的人（实验2）、身体素质差的人（实验3）或老年人和/或健康状况下降的人（实验4）来说，山坡看起来更陡峭。视觉引导的行动不受这些生理潜能变化的影响。虽然意识和行动系统是可分离的，但它们也被证明是相互关联的。研究发现，意识与行动之间转换的重新校准发生在生理潜能的长期变化（健康水平、年龄和健康状况）中，而不是短暂变化（疲劳和负荷）中。研究结果从控制明确视觉意识和视觉引导行动的不同系统之间随时间变化的协调角度进行了讨论。
