Tseng Philip, Tuennermann Jan, Roker-Knight Nancy, Winter Dorina, Scharlau Ingrid, Bridgeman Bruce
Psychology Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
Perception. 2010;39(10):1311-21. doi: 10.1068/p6711.
Implicit change detection demonstrates how the visual system can benefit from stored information that is not immediately available to conscious awareness. We investigated the role of motor action in this context. In the first two experiments, using a one-shot implicit change-detection paradigm, participants responded to unperceived changes either with an action (jabbing the screen at the guessed location of a change) or with words (verbal report), and sat either 60 cm or 300 cm (with a laser pointer) away from the display. Our observers guessed the locations of changes at a reachable distance better with an action than with a verbal judgment. At 300 cm, beyond reach, the motor advantage disappeared. In experiment 3, this advantage was also unavailable when participants sat at a reachable distance but responded with hand-held laser pointers near their bodies. We conclude that a motor system specialized for real-time visually guided behavior has access to additional visual information. Importantly, this system is not activated by merely executing an action (experiment 2) or presenting stimuli in one's near space (experiment 3). It is activated only when both conditions are fulfilled, which implies that it is the actual contact that matters to the visual system.
内隐变化检测展示了视觉系统如何从存储的信息中受益，而这些信息并非能立即被意识所察觉。我们研究了在这种情况下运动动作的作用。在前两个实验中，我们采用单次内隐变化检测范式，让参与者对未被察觉的变化做出反应，要么通过动作（在猜测的变化位置戳屏幕），要么通过言语（口头报告），并且参与者分别坐在距离显示屏60厘米或300厘米（使用激光笔）的位置。我们的观察者通过动作猜测可触及距离内变化的位置比通过言语判断更准确。在300厘米的不可及距离处，运动优势消失。在实验3中，当参与者坐在可触及距离处但用靠近身体的手持激光笔做出反应时，这种优势也不存在。我们得出结论，专门用于实时视觉引导行为的运动系统能够获取额外的视觉信息。重要的是，该系统不会仅仅通过执行动作（实验2）或在个人附近空间呈现刺激（实验3）而被激活。只有当两个条件都满足时它才会被激活，这意味着对视觉系统而言，实际接触才是重要的。
