Barnett C L, Beresford N A, Self P L, Howard B J, Frankland J C, Fulker M J, Dodd B A, Marriott J V
Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE), Merlewood Research Station, Grange-over-Sands, Cumbria, UK.
Sci Total Environ. 1999 Jun 15;231(1):67-83. doi: 10.1016/s0048-9697(99)00085-6.
Radiocaesium activity concentrations in the fruit-bodies of some species of macrofungi are higher than in many other foodstuffs. The consumption of fruit-bodies contributes significantly to radiocaesium intake of humans in some countries. In the United Kingdom, the collection of wild fungi has generally been considered to be of minor importance and there are few data on consumption rates or radiocaesium activity concentrations in most edible species. Samples of commonly eaten species in Great Britain have been collected to assess radiocaesium contamination levels and geographical variation. Concurrently, surveys of consumption habits were conducted. A total of 425 samples representing 37 different species were collected. Significantly higher radiocaesium activity concentrations occurred in mycorrhizal compared to saprotrophic or parasitic species. The highest 137Cs activity concentration of 30.5 kBq kg-1 dry wt. was determined in a sample of Hydnum repandum collected in Wales. The transfer of radiocaesium from soil to fungal fruit-bodies was highly variable, ranging over three orders of magnitude within individual species. A number of approaches to quantifying radiocaesium transfer from soil to fungal fruit-bodies were used. Although these were in general agreement with previously measured values in other countries, all the approaches gave variable results. Over 200 people responded to the dietary habits questionnaire. The median intake rate was 0.75 kg year-1 (fresh wt.) and 60% of respondents consumed only one species (generally Agaricus campestris). However, intakes of up to 26 kg year-1 were recorded and a total of 82 species were consumed. The intake of 137Cs was determined by the amount of mycorrhizal fungi in the diet rather than the total intake of fungi. Assuming median recorded 137Cs activity concentrations in each fungal species, the estimated annual committed effective dose for over 95% of respondents was < 1 microSv. Hence, currently, the consumption of wild fungi in the UK would not be expected to significantly increase the dose above that attributable to the normal diet of most consumers. However, the results of this study demonstrate that, in the event of any future accidental release of radiocaesium, the potential ingestion dose received from the consumption of wild fungi would need to be considered.
某些大型真菌子实体中的放射性铯活度浓度高于许多其他食品。在一些国家，食用子实体对人类放射性铯摄入量有显著贡献。在英国，野生真菌的采集通常被认为不太重要，大多数可食用物种的食用率或放射性铯活度浓度数据很少。已采集了英国常见食用物种的样本，以评估放射性铯污染水平和地理差异。同时，进行了食用习惯调查。共采集了代表37个不同物种的425个样本。与腐生或寄生物种相比，菌根真菌中的放射性铯活度浓度显著更高。在威尔士采集的一个齿菌样本中，测定的最高137Cs活度浓度为30.5 kBq kg-1干重。放射性铯从土壤向真菌子实体的转移变化很大，在单个物种内相差三个数量级。使用了多种方法来量化放射性铯从土壤到真菌子实体的转移。尽管这些方法总体上与其他国家先前测量的值一致，但所有方法的结果都存在差异。超过200人回复了饮食习惯问卷。中位数摄入率为0.75 kg/年（鲜重），60%的受访者仅食用一种物种（通常是双孢蘑菇）。然而，记录到的摄入量高达26 kg/年，共食用了82个物种。137Cs的摄入量取决于饮食中菌根真菌的量，而不是真菌的总摄入量。假设记录的每种真菌物种的137Cs活度浓度中位数，超过95%的受访者估计的年待积有效剂量<1微希沃特。因此，目前预计英国食用野生真菌不会使大多数消费者的剂量显著高于正常饮食所致剂量。然而，本研究结果表明，在未来发生任何放射性铯意外释放的情况下，需要考虑食用野生真菌可能摄入的剂量。
