Greenberg J L, Lewis S E, Dodd D K
Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Addict Behav. 1999 Jul-Aug;24(4):565-71. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4603(98)00080-x.
To examine whether there is a tendency for individuals to be multiply addicted, overlapping addictions to common substances (alcohol, caffeine, chocolate, cigarettes) and activities (exercise, gambling, Internet use, television, video games) were studied in 129 college men and women. Contrary to previous research, moderate to large correlations were found, both within and between substances and activities. Self-esteem was positively related to exercise but unrelated to the remaining addictions. Several gender differences in addictive tendencies were also revealed: Men scored higher than women on addiction to alcohol, cigarettes, gambling, television, and Internet use, but women scored higher on caffeine and chocolate. The results have implications for theories of addiction and suggest new directions for the study of addiction among normally functioning young adults.
为了研究个体是否存在多重成瘾的倾向，对129名男女大学生中常见物质（酒精、咖啡因、巧克力、香烟）和活动（运动、赌博、上网、看电视、玩电子游戏）的重叠成瘾情况进行了研究。与之前的研究相反，研究发现物质和活动内部以及彼此之间存在中度到高度的相关性。自尊与运动呈正相关，但与其他成瘾行为无关。研究还揭示了成瘾倾向的一些性别差异：在酒精、香烟、赌博、看电视和上网成瘾方面，男性得分高于女性，但在咖啡因和巧克力成瘾方面，女性得分更高。这些结果对成瘾理论具有启示意义，并为正常功能的年轻人成瘾研究提出了新的方向。
