Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
Research Center for Education and Mindset, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 25;19(9):5207. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095207.
The aim of the current study was to explore differences in passion for achievement, grit, and mindset across age and gender, by using a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 1548 participants including 931 females and 617 males aged from 13 to 77 years (Mage 26.53 years, SD = 11.77). The eight-item Passion for Achievement Scale was used to assess general passion and the Grit-S scale was used to assess grit. Mindset was assessed using the eight-item Theories of Intelligence Scale (TIS). The results indicated significant differences between the three factors related to age, age groups, and gender. For the total sample, there was a significant gender difference in passion, where males score higher, and growth mindset, where females score higher. With age, passion decreases until the age of 50-59, and slightly increases for the remaining age groups. After a decrease in grit between the first (13-19 years) and the second (20-29 years) age group, grit increases with age. Mindset scores decline strongly after the age of 40-49. Generally, the patterns show that mindset and passion decrease across the life-span, while grit increases. Indeed, these attributes seems to be different from each other, and how they change varies across age groups.
本研究旨在通过横断设计，探讨年龄和性别对成就热情、坚毅和思维模式的影响。样本由 1548 名参与者组成，其中包括 931 名女性和 617 名男性，年龄从 13 岁到 77 岁（Mage 为 26.53 岁，SD=11.77）。采用八项成就热情量表评估一般热情，采用坚毅量表评估坚毅。思维模式采用八项智力理论量表（TIS）评估。结果表明，这三个因素在年龄、年龄组和性别之间存在显著差异。对于总样本，在热情方面存在显著的性别差异，男性得分较高，在成长型思维方面，女性得分较高。随着年龄的增长，热情在 50-59 岁之间下降，在剩余的年龄组中略有增加。在第一（13-19 岁）和第二（20-29 岁）年龄组之间，坚毅值下降后，坚毅值随年龄增长而增加。40-49 岁后，思维模式得分急剧下降。总的来说，这些模式表明思维模式和热情在整个生命周期中下降，而坚毅值上升。事实上，这些特征似乎彼此不同，它们的变化也因年龄组而异。
