Kebede D, Alem A
Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1999;397:24-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb10690.x.
This report presents estimates of the lifetime and point (one-month) prevalence of phobic anxiety, dissociative, other anxiety and somatoform disorders based on a survey conducted in Addis Ababa between September and December of 1994. An Amharic version of the CIDI was used to collect data from a random community sample of 1420 individuals aged 15 and above. Phobic anxiety disorders were found to be the most common of all anxiety disorders, with lifetime prevalence of 4.8%. The lifetime prevalence for dissociative disorders was 0.8% and for other anxiety disorders it was 2.7%. The prevalence of somatoform disorders was 3.1%. The lifetime prevalence for all the above neurotic and somatoform disorders was 10.8%. Point prevalence estimates (percent) for the disorders were as follows: phobic anxiety disorders, 4.4; other anxiety disorders, 1.2; dissociative disorders, 0.4; and somatoform disorders, 2.5. After adjusting for several potential confounders, women had over a two-fold risk of having neurotic and somatoform disorders compared to men, odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.38 (1.78, 3.12). Age was also inversely associated with the disorders. Those aged 60 and above had a 60% lower risk compared to those aged 15-24 years, OR (95% CI): 0.41 (0.20, 0.81). The 25% decreased risk for the employed, compared to the unemployed, was also not statistically significant. Education, marital status, and ethnicity were not significantly associated with neurotic and somatoform disorders.
本报告基于1994年9月至12月在亚的斯亚贝巴进行的一项调查，呈现了恐怖性焦虑障碍、分离性障碍、其他焦虑障碍以及躯体形式障碍的终生患病率和时点（一个月）患病率。使用阿姆哈拉语版的复合国际诊断访谈表（CIDI）从1420名15岁及以上的社区随机样本中收集数据。结果发现，恐怖性焦虑障碍是所有焦虑障碍中最常见的，终生患病率为4.8%。分离性障碍的终生患病率为0.8%，其他焦虑障碍的终生患病率为2.7%。躯体形式障碍的患病率为3.1%。上述所有神经症性障碍和躯体形式障碍的终生患病率为10.8%。这些障碍的时点患病率估计值（百分比）如下：恐怖性焦虑障碍为4.4；其他焦虑障碍为1.2；分离性障碍为0.4；躯体形式障碍为2.5。在对几个潜在混杂因素进行调整后，女性患神经症性障碍和躯体形式障碍的风险是男性的两倍多，优势比（OR），95%置信区间（CI）=2.38（1.78，3.12）。年龄也与这些障碍呈负相关。60岁及以上的人群与15 - 24岁的人群相比，患病风险降低了60%，OR（95% CI）：0.41（0.20，0.81）。与失业者相比，就业者患病风险降低25%，但差异无统计学意义。教育程度、婚姻状况和种族与神经症性障碍和躯体形式障碍无显著关联。
