Kebede D, Alem A, Rashid E
Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1999;397:5-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb10687.x.
The study was conducted in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia, between January and March of 1994, to estimate the prevalence of mental distress using the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ). The study population of 10,203 was selected from the entire city by a cluster sampling method proportionate to size. Five percent of the study population reported at least 2 of the 4 SRQ items for probable psychosis. By use of the 20-item SRQ for assessing mental distress, and using a cut-off level of at least 6 out of 20 items, 11.7% of the study population was categorized as having mental distress. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that women had a statistically significant 62% increased risk of having mental distress than men. There was a statistically significant trend of increasing risk with increasing age. There was also a significant trend of reduced risk with increasing educational attainment and family size. Employment was also inversely associated with risk: adjusted Odds Ratio and 95% confidence interval, OR (95% CI) = 0.81 (0.69, 0.95). Family history of mental illnesses was positively associated with risk: OR (95% CI) = 3.98 (3.18, 4.98). Marital status, ethnicity and religion were not significantly associated with risk of mental distress.
1994年1月至3月间，该研究在埃塞俄比亚首都亚的斯亚贝巴开展，旨在使用自评问卷（SRQ）评估精神困扰的患病率。通过按规模比例的整群抽样方法，从全市选取了10203名研究对象。5%的研究对象报告在4项SRQ精神病相关条目中至少有2项符合。使用20项SRQ评估精神困扰，以至少20项中6项为临界值，11.7%的研究对象被归类为有精神困扰。多因素逻辑分析显示，女性有精神困扰的风险比男性在统计学上显著高出62%。随着年龄增长，风险有统计学上的显著上升趋势。随着受教育程度和家庭规模增加，风险也有显著下降趋势。就业情况也与风险呈负相关：调整后的比值比及95%置信区间，OR（95%CI）=0.81（0.69，0.95）。精神疾病家族史与风险呈正相关：OR（（95%CI）=3.98（3.18，4.98）。婚姻状况、种族和宗教与精神困扰风险无显著关联。
