Gijsbers van Wijk C M, Huisman H, Kolk A M
Psychiatric Hospital Amsterdam (PZA), The Netherlands.
Soc Sci Med. 1999 Oct;49(8):1061-74. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00196-3.
Recent studies on symptom perception have highlighted the role of psychological factors, such as mood states and external involvement, in physical symptom reporting. To date, the consistently found higher physical symptom reports in women have not been studied from this perspective. The present study aimed to investigate the psychological determinants of gender differences in physical symptoms and illness behavior on a daily basis. During four adjacent weeks, a healthy primary care sample of 92 women and 61 men kept health diaries, containing scales for physical symptoms, illness behavior, external information and positive and negative mood. The daily health records showed the typical gender difference in physical symptoms, but not in illness behavior. Negative mood was found to be the strongest predictor of physical symptoms. Physical symptoms in turn were the strongest predictor of illness behavior. The modest gender difference in physical symptoms disappeared after controlling for positive and negative mood. Thus, mood states seem to mediate gender differences in symptom reporting.
最近关于症状感知的研究强调了心理因素，如情绪状态和外部影响，在身体症状报告中的作用。迄今为止，尚未从这一角度对一直以来发现的女性身体症状报告率较高的现象进行研究。本研究旨在每日调查身体症状和疾病行为中性别差异的心理决定因素。在连续四周的时间里，92名女性和61名男性组成的健康初级保健样本记录了健康日记，其中包含身体症状、疾病行为、外部信息以及正负情绪的量表。每日健康记录显示了身体症状方面典型的性别差异，但在疾病行为方面未显示出性别差异。发现负面情绪是身体症状最强的预测因素。反过来，身体症状又是疾病行为最强的预测因素。在控制了正负情绪后，身体症状方面适度的性别差异消失了。因此，情绪状态似乎在症状报告的性别差异中起中介作用。
