Granholm E, Chock D, Morris S
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1998 Dec;20(6):856-72. doi: 10.1076/jcen.20.6.856.1107.
Pupillary responses, which index task controlled processing load, were recorded during semantic and phonemic fluency tasks to examine controlled search and automatic semantic network deficits in patients with schizophrenia. Word retrieval was more impaired on semantic than on phonemic fluency, but only during the first 15 seconds of trials. Pupillary dilation was greater on phonemic than on semantic fluency in nonpsychiatric participants but was greater on semantic than on phonemic fluency in the patients, during the first 15 seconds of trials. Thus, early in semantic fluency trials, patients with schizophrenia showed poorer word retrieval and abnormally high demand for frontal lobe controlled search processes, suggesting impairments in the temporal lobe automatic semantic memory processes that normally facilitate word retrieval.
在语义流畅性和音素流畅性任务期间记录瞳孔反应，以评估精神分裂症患者的控制性搜索和自动语义网络缺陷，瞳孔反应可作为任务控制加工负荷的指标。在单词检索方面，语义流畅性任务比音素流畅性任务受损更严重，但仅在试验的前15秒内如此。在非精神科参与者中，音素流畅性任务期间的瞳孔扩张大于语义流畅性任务，但在患者中，试验前15秒内语义流畅性任务期间的瞳孔扩张大于音素流畅性任务。因此，在语义流畅性试验早期，精神分裂症患者表现出较差的单词检索能力以及对额叶控制性搜索过程的异常高需求，这表明通常有助于单词检索的颞叶自动语义记忆过程存在损伤。
