Olazábal Ulacia J C, García Paniagua R, Montero Luengo J, García Gutiérrez J F, Sendín Melguizo P P, Holgado Sánchez M A
Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, San Juan Health Centre, Spain.
Menopause. 1999 Fall;6(3):264-72. doi: 10.1097/00042192-199906030-00014.
On the threshold of the third millennium, menopause has become a crucial social and health problem in developed countries. In the present work, we analyze possible healthcare strategies, describing their advantages and disadvantages within the context of different underlying conceptions of menopause.
We have considered three theoretical frameworks or "menopause models": the biological model, the psychosocial model, and the holistic or integral model. Each model is examined under three subheadings: concept, contributions, and criticisms.
The holistic model is proposed and defended as a valid option for the management of menopause.
Adoption of the holistic model by health personnel may improve the attention given to menopausal women. As characteristics of such a model, the following are important: (1) The positive vision of the climacteric transition as an opportunity for personal growth, (2) the biopsychosocial perspective of the phenomena responsible for the different effects on the level of health and quality of life of women, (3) the development of health policies focused on health promotion, (4) the protagonism of women through strategies based on self-care and self-help groups, and (5) individualized use of hormone replacement therapy.
在第三个千年即将来临之际，更年期已成为发达国家一个至关重要的社会和健康问题。在本研究中，我们分析了可能的医疗保健策略，并在不同的更年期潜在概念背景下描述了它们的优缺点。
我们考虑了三种理论框架或“更年期模型”：生物学模型、心理社会模型和整体或综合模型。每个模型在三个副标题下进行审视：概念、贡献和批评。
提出并捍卫整体模型作为管理更年期的有效选择。
卫生人员采用整体模型可能会改善对更年期女性的关注。作为这种模型的特点，以下几点很重要：（1）将更年期过渡视为个人成长机会的积极观点；（2）对导致对女性健康水平和生活质量产生不同影响的现象的生物心理社会视角；（3）制定侧重于健康促进的卫生政策；（4）通过基于自我护理和自助团体的策略让女性发挥主导作用；（5）个性化使用激素替代疗法。
