Kraemer W J, Volek J S, Clark K L, Gordon S E, Puhl S M, Koziris L P, McBride J M, Triplett-McBride N T, Putukian M, Newton R U, Häkkinen K, Bush J A, Sebastianelli W J
Department of Kinesiology, Noll Physiological Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999 Sep;31(9):1320-9. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199909000-00014.
The purpose of this study was to examine the physiological effects of a weight-loss dietary regimen with or without exercise.
Thirty-five overweight men were matched and randomly placed into either a control group (C; N = 6) or one of three dietary groups; a diet-only group (D; N = 8), a diet group that performed aerobic exercise three times per week (DE; N = 11); and a diet group that performed both aerobic and strength training three times per week (DES; N = 10).
After 12 wk, D, DE, and DES demonstrated a similar and significant (P < or = 0.05) reduction in body mass (-9.64, -8.99, and -9.90 kg, respectively) with fat mass comprising 69, 78, and 97% of the total loss in body mass, respectively. The diet-only group also demonstrated a significant reduction in fat-free mass. Maximum strength, as determined by 1-RM testing in the bench press and squat exercise was significantly increased for DES in both the bench press (+19.6%) and squat exercise (+32.6%). Absolute peak O2 consumption was significantly elevated in DE (+24.8%) and DES (+15.4%). There were no differences in performance during a 30-s Wingate test for the DE and DES, whereas D demonstrated a significant decline in peak and mean power output. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) (kcal x d(-1)) was not significantly different for any of the groups except for the DE group. There were no significant changes in basal concentrations of serum glucose, BUN, cortisol, testosterone, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol for any of the groups. Serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were significantly decreased for all dietary groups. Serum triglycerides were significantly reduced for D and DES at week 6 and remained lower at week 12 for D, while triglycerides returned to baseline values for DES.
These data indicate that a weight-loss dietary regimen in conjunction with aerobic and resistance exercise prevents the normal decline in fat-free mass and muscular power and augments body composition, maximal strength, and maximum oxygen consumption compared with weight-loss induced by diet alone.
本研究旨在探讨有无运动的减肥饮食方案的生理效应。
35名超重男性进行匹配，随机分为对照组（C；n = 6）或三个饮食组之一；仅饮食组（D；n = 8）、每周进行三次有氧运动的饮食组（DE；n = 11）；以及每周进行三次有氧运动和力量训练的饮食组（DES；n = 10）。
12周后，D组、DE组和DES组体重均有相似且显著（P≤0.05）下降（分别为-9.64、-8.99和-9.90 kg），脂肪量分别占体重总减少量的69%、78%和97%。仅饮食组的去脂体重也显著下降。通过卧推和深蹲运动的1-RM测试确定，DES组的卧推（+19.6%）和深蹲运动（+32.6%）的最大力量均显著增加。DE组（+24.8%）和DES组（+15.4%）的绝对峰值耗氧量显著升高。在30秒温盖特测试中，DE组和DES组的表现无差异，而D组的峰值和平均功率输出显著下降。除DE组外，其他组的静息代谢率（RMR）（千卡×天-1）无显著差异。所有组的血清葡萄糖、尿素氮、皮质醇、睾酮和高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇的基础浓度均无显著变化。所有饮食组的血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇均显著降低。D组和DES组在第6周时血清甘油三酯显著降低，D组在第12周时仍较低，而DES组的甘油三酯恢复到基线值。
这些数据表明，与单纯饮食引起的体重减轻相比，减肥饮食方案结合有氧运动和抗阻运动可防止去脂体重和肌肉力量的正常下降，并改善身体成分、最大力量和最大耗氧量。
