MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999 Aug 6;48(30):661-4.
The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the Russian Federation has increased steadily from 34 per 100,000 population in 1991 to 78 per 100,000 in 1998 (Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, unpublished data, 1999). To reverse this trend, in 1995, federal and local governments, with assistance from the World Health Organization (WHO), implemented a pilot project using the WHO TB-control strategy of directly observed therapy, short-course (DOTS) in Ivanovo oblast (1998 population: approximately 1.3 million), a district 165 miles (280 km) northeast of Moscow. This report documents a substantial increase in primary multidrug-resistant TB (P-MDRTB) in the civilian population of Ivanovo from January 1996 through October 1998 and a high prevalence of alcoholism, previous incarceration, unemployment, and history of homelessness among persons infected with both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains.
俄罗斯联邦的结核病发病率从1991年的每10万人34例稳步上升至1998年的每10万人78例（中央结核病研究所，未发表数据，1999年）。为扭转这一趋势，1995年，在世界卫生组织（WHO）的协助下，联邦和地方政府在伊万诺沃州（1998年人口约130万）实施了一个试点项目，采用WHO的结核病控制策略，即直接观察短程化疗（DOTS），该州位于莫斯科东北165英里（280公里）处。本报告记录了1996年1月至1998年10月期间伊万诺沃市居民中原发性耐多药结核病（P-MDRTB）的大幅增加，以及感染敏感和耐药结核分枝杆菌菌株的人群中酗酒、既往监禁、失业和无家可归史的高患病率。
