Randomized comparison of two different schedules of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

We performed a randomized trial to determine whether there are differential effects of G-CSF when it is either started on the day (day 0 group) or on the 6th day of marrow infusion (day 5 group) in the allogeneic BMT setting. G-CSF 450 microg was given intravenously daily until the peripheral blood ANC was over 3000/microl. Between May 1995 and April 1998, 60 patients were enrolled (30 in each group). Median number of days of G-CSF administration was significantly longer for the day 0 group (18.5 vs 14.0 days, P < 0. 001). Median days to an ANC over 500/microl were the same in both groups (16 days). Median days to an unsupported platelet count of 20 000/microl did not show significant differences (29.5 vs 28 days, P = 0.202). The frequency of hepatic VOD was higher for the day 0 group (66.7 vs 40.0%, P = 0.038). Mean plasma antithrombin III level was significantly lower in the day 0 group on post-transplant day 7 (83.6 vs 93.9%, P = 0.009). Patients in the day 0 group showed significantly worse 100-day survival (25/30 vs 30/30 surviving respectively, P = 0.019). In conclusion, early initiation of G-CSF after allogeneic BMT did not facilitate marrow engraftment. In addition, early administration of G-CSF was associated with a higher frequency of VOD and a significant fall in plasma antithrombin III level.