Sowka J, Aoun P
Nova Southeastern University, College of Optometry, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida 33328, USA.
Optom Vis Sci. 1999 Sep;76(9):618-23. doi: 10.1097/00006324-199909000-00018.
Tilted disc syndrome (TDS) has a varied morphological appearance which can be difficult to differentiate from acquired optic nerve pathology. In addition, there are visual deficits and potential complications associated with this syndrome. Failure to recognize features of the TDS frequently leads to unnecessary medical evaluation or improper examination for possible associated ocular complications.
The literature is reviewed to examine the embryonic developmental defects that create TDS. Characteristic ophthalmoscopic features of the disc, visual field deficits, electrofunctional abnormalities, retinal pigment epithelial and choroidal hypoplasia, refractive error, and choroidal neovascular development are examined from a clinical standpoint.
The literature clearly identifies visual deficits and ocular complications, which must be understood in the context of TDS.
TDS is a congenital anomaly that has visual deficits and an appearance that can mimic serious neurological disease. Also, there are potential vision-threatening complications that are typically not associated with a congenital anomaly.
倾斜盘综合征（TDS）具有多种形态表现，可能难以与后天性视神经病变相鉴别。此外，该综合征还伴有视力缺陷和潜在并发症。未能识别TDS的特征常常导致不必要的医学评估或对可能相关的眼部并发症进行不恰当的检查。
回顾文献以研究导致TDS的胚胎发育缺陷。从临床角度检查视盘的特征性检眼镜表现、视野缺损、电功能异常、视网膜色素上皮和脉络膜发育不全、屈光不正以及脉络膜新生血管形成。
文献明确指出了视力缺陷和眼部并发症，必须在TDS的背景下理解这些情况。
TDS是一种先天性异常，具有视力缺陷且外观可模仿严重的神经系统疾病。此外，还存在通常与先天性异常无关的潜在视力威胁性并发症。
