Beck J G, Shipherd J C, Read J
Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Buffalo 14260, USA.
Behav Res Ther. 1999 Nov;37(11):1073-89. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00196-x.
The present report extends previous work which has documented two distinct response patterns to repeated presentation of interoceptive cues (using CO2 inhalation) in PD patients [Beck, J. G. & Shipherd, J. C. (1997). Repeated exposure to interoceptive cues: does habituation of fear occur in panic disorder patients? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 551-557]. We were interested in determining if these two patterns of fear habituation and sensitization would be noted in panic-naive individuals who reported high levels of Anxiety Sensitivity. A second aspect of this report examined whether attention to bodily sensations versus to neutral material would impact fear habituation and sensitization. Participants included 43 panic-naive individuals who scored at least 1 standard deviation above norms on the Anxiety Sensitivity Index. Results indicated that 37% of the sample reported habituation of fear, 47% reported fear sensitization and 16% demonstrated relatively stable fear levels across 12 inhalations of CO2 during session 1. The attentional manipulation did not exert a pronounced influence on anxiety, panic symptom severity, skin conductance, or heart rate in either Habituators or Sensitizers during session 2. These results are discussed in light of their relevance in understanding fundamental psychopathological processes underlying Panic Disorder.
本报告扩展了先前的研究工作，先前的研究记录了帕金森病患者对重复呈现的内感受性线索（使用吸入二氧化碳）的两种不同反应模式[贝克，J.G. & 希珀德，J.C.（1997年）。重复暴露于内感受性线索：惊恐障碍患者的恐惧是否会产生习惯化？行为研究与治疗，35，551 - 557]。我们感兴趣的是，在报告焦虑敏感性水平较高的无惊恐经历个体中，是否会出现这两种恐惧习惯化和敏感化模式。本报告的第二个方面考察了对身体感觉与对中性材料的关注是否会影响恐惧习惯化和敏感化。参与者包括43名无惊恐经历个体，他们在焦虑敏感性指数上的得分至少比正常水平高出1个标准差。结果表明，37%的样本报告恐惧习惯化，47%报告恐惧敏感化，16%在第1阶段的12次二氧化碳吸入过程中表现出相对稳定的恐惧水平。在第2阶段，注意力操纵对习惯化者或敏感化者的焦虑、惊恐症状严重程度、皮肤电导率或心率均未产生显著影响。我们根据这些结果与理解惊恐障碍潜在基本心理病理过程的相关性对其进行了讨论。
