Bank S, Indaram A
Department of Gastroenterology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA.
Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1999 Sep;28(3):571-89, viii. doi: 10.1016/s0889-8553(05)70074-1.
The causes of acute pancreatitis are well documented and usually are divided into alcohol-induced, gallstone, miscellaneous, and idiopathic when no immediate cause is found. Clinically, the cause is either immediately discernable from the history and a few standard investigations, less obvious and requiring more detailed studies, or obscure and even speculative. The physician can whittle away at the idiopathic group by increasingly recognizing causes such as biliary sludge or microlithiasis, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, hereditary pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, or autoimmune causes. The prevalence of these and other rare conditions is the focus of intense research. Whether these increasingly recognized causes will significantly alter the current incidence of 10% to 30% of cases classified as idiopathic pancreatitis, only time will tell.
急性胰腺炎的病因已有充分记载，通常分为酒精性、胆石性、其他各类以及特发性（即未发现直接病因时）。临床上，病因要么可从病史及一些标准检查中立即明确，要么不太明显且需要更详细的研究，要么模糊不清甚至只是推测性的。医生可以通过越来越多地识别诸如胆泥或微结石、Oddi括约肌功能障碍、遗传性胰腺炎、囊性纤维化或自身免疫性病因等，来减少特发性胰腺炎的病例数。这些及其他罕见病症的患病率是深入研究的重点。这些越来越被认识到的病因是否会显著改变目前归类为特发性胰腺炎的病例中10%至30%的发病率，只有时间能给出答案。
