Deffenbacher K A, Vetter T, Johanson J, O'Toole A J
Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Omaha 68182-0274, USA.
Perception. 1998;27(10):1233-43. doi: 10.1068/p271233.
A standard facial caricature algorithm has been applied to a three-dimensional (3-D) representation of human heads, those of Caucasian male and female young adults. Observers viewed unfamiliar faces at four levels of caricature--anticaricature, veridical, moderate caricature, and extreme caricature--and made ratings of attractiveness and distinctiveness (experiment 1) or learned to identify them (experiment 2). There were linear increases in perceived distinctiveness and linear decreases in perceived attractiveness as the degree of facial caricature (Euclidean distance from the average face in 3-D-grounded face space) increased. Observers learned to identify faces presented at either level of positive caricature more efficiently than they did with either uncaricatured or anticaricatured faces. Using the same faces, 3-D representation, and caricature levels, O'Toole, Vetter, Volz, and Salter (1997, Perception 26 719-732) had shown a linear increase in judgments of face age as a function of degree of caricature. Here it is concluded that older-appearing faces are less attractive, but more distinctive and memorable than younger-appearing faces, those closer to the average face.
一种标准的面部漫画算法已应用于人类头部的三维（3-D）表示，即高加索年轻成年男性和女性的头部。观察者在漫画的四个级别——反漫画、逼真、适度漫画和极端漫画——下观看不熟悉的面孔，并对吸引力和独特性进行评分（实验1）或学习识别它们（实验2）。随着面部漫画程度（在基于3-D的面部空间中与平均脸的欧几里得距离）增加，感知到的独特性呈线性增加，而感知到的吸引力呈线性下降。观察者学习识别以任何一种正向漫画级别呈现的面孔都比识别未漫画化或反漫画化的面孔更有效。使用相同的面孔、3-D表示和漫画级别，奥图尔、维特、沃尔兹和索尔特（1997年，《感知》26卷，719 - 732页）已表明，面部年龄的判断随着漫画程度的增加呈线性增加。在此得出结论，看起来更老的面孔比看起来更年轻的面孔、那些更接近平均脸的面孔吸引力更低，但更独特且更易记忆。
