Krokene P, Christiansen E, Solheim H, Franceschi VR, Berryman AA
Norwegian Forest Research Institute, As, Norway N-1432, USA.
Plant Physiol. 1999 Oct;121(2):565-70. doi: 10.1104/pp.121.2.565.
Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees (approximately 16 m high) of a single clone were used to study the effects of fungal infection and wounding on induction of resistance to the bark beetle-associated bluestain fungus Ceratocystis polonica. A dose-response experiment was designed involving three different dosages of fungal (fungus and wound) and sterile agar (wound) pretreatment inoculations (10, 50, or 100 inoculations/m(2) on the stem between 0.8 and 2.0 m high). Three weeks after pretreatment, trees were challenged with a massive C. polonica inoculation (400 inoculations/m(2)). Control trees that received no pretreatment were heavily colonized and killed by the challenge inoculation. The high and medium fungal pretreatments reduced subsequent fungal colonization success by 76% to 97% relative to the control, and fungal pretreatments protected the trees much more efficiently than sterile agar pretreatments. The protection was demonstrated to be local and not systemic in a subsequent experiment, where trees were pretreated with the medium fungal dosage on the lower bole and challenge inoculated further up the stem. Protection was also demonstrated to be pathogen nonspecific, as trees that had been pretreated with a medium dosage of the root rot fungus Heterobasidion annosum showed enhanced resistance to challenge inoculation with C. polonica.
使用单一克隆的挪威云杉（欧洲云杉）树（约16米高）来研究真菌感染和创伤对诱导抵抗与树皮甲虫相关的蓝变真菌波兰长喙壳菌的影响。设计了一个剂量反应实验，涉及三种不同剂量的真菌（真菌和创伤）和无菌琼脂（创伤）预处理接种（在0.8至2.0米高的树干上每平方米接种10、50或100次）。预处理三周后，用大量的波兰长喙壳菌接种（每平方米接种400次）对树木进行挑战。未接受预处理的对照树被挑战接种严重定殖并死亡。相对于对照，高剂量和中剂量的真菌预处理使后续真菌定殖成功率降低了76%至97%，并且真菌预处理比无菌琼脂预处理更有效地保护了树木。在随后的实验中证明这种保护是局部的而非全身性的，在该实验中，树木在较低树干处用中剂量真菌进行预处理，并在树干更高处进行挑战接种。还证明这种保护是病原体非特异性的，因为用中等剂量的根腐真菌多年异担子菌预处理过的树木对波兰长喙壳菌的挑战接种表现出增强的抗性。
