Vernozy-Rozand C
Département de Santé publique vétérinaire, Unité de microbiologie alimentaire et prévisionnelle, Ecole nationale vétérinaire de Lyon, 1, avenue Bourgelat, BP 83, 69280 Marcy-l'Etoile.
Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 1999 Sep-Oct;57(5):507-15.
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is now recognised as an important human pathogen. Illness caused by E. coli O157:H7 infection can range from self limited, watery diarrhea to life-threatening manifestations such as hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. The mode of transmission is primarily through food (e.g. undercooked minced beef products, especially beef burgers, raw cows' milk and cheese, contaminated pasteurised milk and untreated water.). Studies to date indicate that cattle is an important reservoir of the organism. Public health measures to control VTEC infection are broadly similar to the measures needed to control other gastro-intestinal infections. Because of the potential low infection dose, laboratory diagnosis of O157 VTEC in food samples has developed over recent years with the use of liquid enrichment and the development of methods such as immunomagnetic separation. VTEC of other serogroups than O157 have no reliable biochemical, serological or morphological characteristics (other than VT production itself) to distinguish them from commensal E. coli. Thus to detect VTEC other than O157 and phenotypic variants of E. coli O157 in food, we have to use methods for detection of verocytotoxin production and VT genes.
肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7如今被公认为一种重要的人类病原体。由肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7感染引起的疾病范围广泛，从自限性的水样腹泻到危及生命的表现，如出血性结肠炎、溶血尿毒综合征或血栓性血小板减少性紫癜。传播途径主要是通过食物（如未煮熟的碎牛肉制品，尤其是牛肉汉堡、生牛奶和奶酪、受污染的巴氏杀菌牛奶以及未经处理的水）。迄今为止的研究表明，牛是这种病原体的重要宿主。控制产志贺毒素大肠杆菌感染的公共卫生措施与控制其他胃肠道感染所需的措施大致相似。由于潜在的低感染剂量，近年来食品样本中O157产志贺毒素大肠杆菌的实验室诊断随着液体富集技术的应用以及免疫磁珠分离等方法的发展而不断进步。除O157之外的其他血清型产志贺毒素大肠杆菌没有可靠的生化、血清学或形态学特征（除了志贺毒素产生本身）来将它们与共生大肠杆菌区分开来。因此，为了检测食品中除O157之外的产志贺毒素大肠杆菌以及大肠杆菌O157的表型变异体，我们必须使用检测志贺毒素产生和志贺毒素基因的方法。
