Kownacki R J, Shadish W R
Competency Program, North Texas State Hospital, Vernon, USA.
Subst Use Misuse. 1999 Nov;34(13):1897-916. doi: 10.3109/10826089909039431.
This article reviews the outcome (usually abstinence at 12 months) of 21 controlled studies of AA, with emphasis on methodological quality. Severe selection biases compromised all quasi-experiments. Randomized studies yielded worse results for AA than nonrandomized studies, but were biased by selection of coerced subjects. Attending conventional AA meetings was worse than no treatment or alternative treatment; residential AA-modeled treatments performed no better or worse than alternatives; and several components of AA seemed supported (recovering alcoholics as therapists, peer-led self-help therapy groups, teaching the Twelve-Step process, and doing an honest inventory).
本文回顾了21项关于戒酒互助会（AA）的对照研究的结果（通常为12个月时的戒酒情况），重点关注方法学质量。严重的选择偏倚影响了所有的准实验。随机研究中戒酒互助会的结果比非随机研究更差，但因强制受试者的选择而存在偏倚。参加传统的戒酒互助会会议比不接受治疗或接受替代治疗更糟糕；以戒酒互助会为模式的住院治疗与替代治疗相比表现相当；戒酒互助会的几个组成部分似乎得到了支持（戒酒者担任治疗师、同伴主导的自助治疗小组、传授十二步疗法以及进行坦诚的自我剖析）。
