Rees D C, Howard J B
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 147-75CH, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
J Mol Biol. 1999 Oct 22;293(2):343-50. doi: 10.1006/jmbi.1999.3005.
Life depends on transduction processes that couple cellular metabolism to environmental energy sources such as light or reduced compounds. These primary energy sources must be efficiently converted into forms that can be utilized by cells for biosynthesis, motility, transport, regulation, and other metabolic functions. In recent years, there has been an explosive increase in the determination of structures for proteins mediating energy transduction processes. These developments provide the opportunity to evaluate the structural basis for the efficient coupling of two energetic processes, which defines the area of structural bioenergetics. Here, we present some general features of energy transduction processes, including arguments that effective coupling of two processes by a transduction protein occurs by way of conformational states that are common to the catalysis of each process. This is illustrated by examples from the nucleotide switch family of proteins, with emphasis on the nitrogenase system where ATP hydrolysis is coupled to an electron transfer reaction.
生命依赖于将细胞代谢与环境能量源（如光或还原型化合物）相耦合的转导过程。这些主要能量源必须被有效地转化为细胞可用于生物合成、运动、运输、调节及其他代谢功能的形式。近年来，介导能量转导过程的蛋白质结构测定数量呈爆发式增长。这些进展为评估两个能量过程高效耦合的结构基础提供了契机，这一领域即结构生物能学。在此，我们呈现能量转导过程的一些一般特征，包括这样的观点：转导蛋白对两个过程的有效耦合是通过每个过程催化所共有的构象状态实现的。这通过核苷酸开关蛋白家族的例子来说明，重点是将ATP水解与电子转移反应相耦合的固氮酶系统。
