Comparison of four methods for measuring elevation of FRC in mechanically ventilated infants.

The aim of the study was to compare measurements of the elevation of functional residual capacity (FRC) above the relaxation volume obtained in 34 mechanically ventilated infants (median weight 2.6 kg, range 1.2-9) from four different methods: (1) direct measurement of the complete exhalation volume after brief disconnection from the ventilator, (2) calculated measurement from total positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) measured by end-expiratory occlusion of the breathing circuit, (3) extrapolated evaluation from the mathematical model of Brody, (4) extrapolated evaluation from the passive expiration method. We considered the direct measurement (1) as the "gold standard". Measurements obtained by total PEEP (2) and by the Brody's mathematical model (3) provided similar results than the direct measurement. Conversely, graphical extrapolation from the passive expiration method (4) underestimated the elevation of FRC. In conclusion, we suggest using the mathematical extrapolation from the Brody's model to evaluate the elevation of FRC in mechanically ventilated infants: this method is non-invasive, does not require disruption of gas flow, can be easily performed with all the neonatal ventilators, and allows continuous breath-by-breath measurements.