MacIntosh D L, Needham L L, Hammerstrom K A, Ryan P B
Department of Environmental Health, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-2102, USA.
J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1999 Sep-Oct;9(5):494-501. doi: 10.1038/sj.jea.7500045.
As part of a longitudinal investigation of environmental exposures to selected chemical contaminants, concentrations of the pesticide metabolites 1-naphthol (INAP), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), malathion dicarboxylic acid (MDA), and atrazine mercapturate (AM) were measured in repeated samples obtained from 80 individuals in Maryland during 1995-1996. Up to six urine samples were collected from each individual at intervals of approximately 8 weeks over a 1-year period (i.e., one sample per participant in each of six cycles). INAP (median=4.2 microg/l and 3.3 microg/g creatinine) and TCPY (median=5.3 microg/l and 4.6. microg/g creatinine) were present in over 80% of the samples, while MDA and AM were detected infrequently (6.6% and <1% of samples, respectively). Geometric mean (GM) concentrations of INAP in urine did not vary significantly among sampling cycles. In contrast, GM concentrations of TCPY were significantly greater in samples collected during the spring and summer of 1996 than in the preceding fall and winter. Repeated measurements of INAP and TCPY from the same individual over time were highly variable. The average range of INAP and TCPY concentrations from the same individual were approximately 200% and 50% greater than the respective population mean levels. Geometric mean (GM) TCPY concentrations differed significantly between Caucasian (n=42, GM=5.7 microg/g creatinine) and African-American (n=11, GM=4.0 microg/g) participants and among education levels, but were not significantly different among groups classified by gender, age, or household income. In future research, environmental measurements of the parent compounds and questionnaire data collected concurrently with the biomarker data will be used to characterize the determinants of variability in the urinary pesticide metabolite levels.
作为对选定化学污染物环境暴露的纵向调查的一部分，在1995 - 1996年期间从马里兰州的80个人获取的重复样本中，测量了农药代谢物1 - 萘酚（INAP）、3,5,6 - 三氯 - 2 - 吡啶醇（TCPY）、马拉硫磷二羧酸（MDA）和莠去津巯基尿酸（AM）的浓度。在1年时间里，每隔约8周从每个人收集多达6份尿液样本（即每个参与者在6个周期中的每个周期各一份样本）。超过80%的样本中存在INAP（中位数 = 4.2微克/升和3.3微克/克肌酐）和TCPY（中位数 = 5.3微克/升和4.6微克/克肌酐），而MDA和AM很少被检测到（分别为样本的6.6%和<1%）。尿液中INAP的几何平均（GM）浓度在各采样周期之间没有显著差异。相比之下，1996年春季和夏季收集的样本中TCPY的GM浓度显著高于前一年的秋季和冬季。同一人随时间对INAP和TCPY的重复测量变化很大。同一人INAP和TCPY浓度的平均范围分别比各自的总体平均水平大约高200%和50%。白种人（n = 42，GM = 5.7微克/克肌酐）和非裔美国人（n = 11，GM = 4.0微克/克）参与者之间以及不同教育水平之间，几何平均（GM）TCPY浓度存在显著差异，但按性别、年龄或家庭收入分类的组之间没有显著差异。在未来的研究中，母体化合物的环境测量数据以及与生物标志物数据同时收集的问卷数据将用于确定尿液中农药代谢物水平变异性的决定因素。
