Volkan V D
Center for the Study of Mind and Human Interaction, University of Virginia, Washington Psychoanalytic Institute, Building 1921, Blue Ridge Hospital, Charlottlesville, VA 22908 USA.
Croat Med J. 1999 Dec;40(4):458-65.
A comprehensive understanding of international and interethnic conflict must include a psychological dimension. This paper explores concepts of individual and large-group identity, their inherent connection, and some essential large-group rituals that aim to repair and maintain them. Human psychological development not only involves dynamics associated with one's parents, family, and intimate environment, but also those of one's ethic, religious or national group. Although this may simply be called "acculturation", the evolution of large-group identity involves specific psychological processes. When a large group perceives that its identity is threatened, the group and its individual members typically experience anxiety which is then expressed in certain ritualistic behaviors that can range from benign to highly malignant. Social scientists, diplomats and others who seek to analyze social and political phenomena and formulate policies related to them could benefit from a better understanding of these aspects of human interaction.
对国际冲突和族裔间冲突的全面理解必须包含心理层面。本文探讨了个体身份和群体身份的概念、它们的内在联系，以及一些旨在修复和维系这些身份的重要群体仪式。人类心理发展不仅涉及与父母、家庭和亲密环境相关的动态过程，还涉及种族、宗教或民族群体的动态过程。虽然这或许可被简单称为“文化适应”，但群体身份的演变涉及特定的心理过程。当一个群体认为其身份受到威胁时，该群体及其个体成员通常会感到焦虑，进而表现为某些仪式化行为，这些行为的性质可能从良性到极具恶性不等。试图分析社会和政治现象并制定相关政策的社会科学家、外交官及其他人士，若能更好地理解人类互动的这些方面，将会受益匪浅。
