McAllister C L, Silverman M A
University of Pittsburgh, USA.
Qual Health Res. 1999 Jan;9(1):65-85. doi: 10.1177/104973299129121703.
Based on an ethnographic study in a residential Alzheimer's facility and a traditional nursing home, this article discusses the process of community formation and the maintenance of community roles among individuals suffering from dementia in institutional settings. These include: therapeutic programming that promotes resident independence and choice; flexible and person-centered staff roles; and a physical environment that facilitates social interaction, autonomy, and participation in the activities of daily living. In contrast, institutional programs that are regimented, that follow a medical rather than a social model of care, and that take place in physical environments that have limited options may discourage resident interaction and social bonding, thus inhibiting community formation. Although Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia may create difficulties for the realization of community and community roles among institutionalized people, more significant are the environmental conditions in which such individuals live and the programs designed for their care.
基于在一家阿尔茨海默病疗养院和一家传统养老院开展的人种志研究，本文探讨了机构环境中痴呆症患者群体的形成过程以及群体角色的维系。这些因素包括：促进居民独立性和选择权的治疗性项目；灵活且以人为本的员工角色；以及便于社交互动、自主和参与日常生活活动的物理环境。相比之下，那些刻板、遵循医疗而非社会护理模式且在选择有限的物理环境中开展的机构项目，可能会抑制居民互动和社交联系，从而阻碍群体的形成。尽管阿尔茨海默病和其他形式的痴呆症可能给机构化人群实现群体及群体角色带来困难，但更为重要的是这些个体所处的环境条件以及为其护理设计的项目。
