Kukkula M, Maunula L, Silvennoinen E, von Bonsdorff C H
Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
J Infect Dis. 1999 Dec;180(6):1771-6. doi: 10.1086/315145.
Heinävesi, a Finnish municipality with a population of 4860 inhabitants, had an outbreak of gastroenteritis in March 1998. On the basis of an epidemiologic survey, an estimated 1700-3000 cases of acute gastroenteritis occurred during the outbreak. Municipal water consumption was found to be associated with illness (risk ratio [RR]=3.5, 95% confidence interval, 3.11>RR>3.96). Norwalk-like virus (NLV) genogroup II (GGII) was identified in untreated water, treated water, and 4 tap water samples by use of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. This was the first time NLVs had been detected in municipal tap water. Fifteen of 27 patient stool samples had NLV GGII, with an identical amplification product to that found in the water samples, indicating that the outbreak was caused by this virus. In some patients, NLV genogroup I was also encountered. This virus, however, could not be detected in the water samples. Inadequate chlorination contributed to the survival of the virus in the water.
海奈韦西是芬兰的一个自治市，有4860名居民，1998年3月爆发了肠胃炎。根据流行病学调查，此次疫情期间估计发生了1700 - 3000例急性肠胃炎病例。发现市政供水与疾病有关（风险比[RR]=3.5，95%置信区间，3.11>RR>3.96）。通过逆转录聚合酶链反应在未处理的水、处理过的水和4份自来水样本中检测到了诺如病毒样病毒（NLV）基因II组（GGII）。这是首次在市政自来水中检测到诺如病毒。27份患者粪便样本中有15份含有NLV GGII，其扩增产物与水样中发现的相同，表明此次疫情是由该病毒引起的。在一些患者中，还发现了诺如病毒基因I组。然而，在水样中未检测到这种病毒。氯化不足导致病毒在水中存活。
