Nies H, Harms I H, Karcher M J, Dethleff D, Bahe C
Bundesamt für Seeschiffahrt und Hydrographie, Hamburg, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 1999 Sep 30;237-238:181-91. doi: 10.1016/s0048-9697(99)00134-5.
The paper presents the results of the joint project carried out in Germany in order to assess the consequences in the marine environment from the dumping of nuclear wastes in the Kara and Barents Seas. The project consisted of experimental work on measurements of radionuclides in samples from the Arctic marine environment and numerical modelling of the potential pathways and dispersion of contaminants in the Arctic Ocean. Water and sediment samples were collected for determination of radionuclide such as 137Cs, 90Sr, 239 + 240Pu, 238Pu, and 241Am and various organic micropollutants. In addition, a few water and numerous surface sediment samples collected in the Kara Sea and from the Kola peninsula were taken by Russian colleagues and analysed for artificial radionuclide by the BSH laboratory. The role of transport by sea ice from the Kara Sea into the Arctic Ocean was assessed by a small subgroup at GEOMAR. This transport process might be considered as a rapid contribution due to entrainment of contaminated sediments into sea ice, following export from the Kara Sea into the transpolar ice drift and subsequent release in the Atlantic Ocean in the area of the East Greenland Current. Numerical modelling of dispersion of pollutants from the Kara and Barents Seas was carried out both on a local scale for the Barents and Kara Seas and for long range dispersion into the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans. Three-dimensional baroclinic circulation models were applied to trace the transport of pollutants. Experimental results were used to validate the model results such as the discharges from the nuclear reprocessing plant at Sellafield and subsequent contamination of the North Sea up the Arctic Seas.
本文介绍了在德国开展的联合项目的成果，该项目旨在评估在喀拉海和巴伦支海倾倒核废料对海洋环境造成的影响。该项目包括对北极海洋环境样本中的放射性核素进行测量的实验工作，以及对北冰洋污染物的潜在路径和扩散进行数值模拟。采集了水和沉积物样本，以测定诸如137Cs、90Sr、239 + 240Pu、238Pu和241Am等放射性核素以及各种有机微污染物。此外，俄罗斯同事采集了喀拉海和科拉半岛的一些水样和大量表层沉积物样本，并由德国海洋科学研究中心（BSH）实验室对其中的人工放射性核素进行了分析。德国海洋科学研究中心的一个小团队评估了海冰从喀拉海进入北冰洋的运输作用。由于受污染的沉积物被卷入海冰，随后从喀拉海输出进入跨极冰漂移，并在东格陵兰洋流区域的大西洋中释放，这个运输过程可能被视为一种快速的影响。对喀拉海和巴伦支海污染物扩散的数值模拟，既在巴伦支海和喀拉海的局部尺度上进行，也对污染物在北极和大西洋的远距离扩散进行了模拟。应用三维斜压环流模型来追踪污染物的运输。实验结果被用于验证模型结果，比如塞拉菲尔德核后处理厂的排放以及随后北海到北极海域的污染情况。
