Lazutka J R, Lekevicius R, Dedonyte V, Maciuleviciute-Gervers L, Mierauskiene J, Rudaitiene S, Slapsyte G
Department of Botany and Genetics, Vilnius University, Lithuania.
Mutat Res. 1999 Sep 30;445(2):225-39. doi: 10.1016/s1383-5718(99)00128-x.
Cytogenetic analysis of chromosomal aberrations (CA) in 175,229 cells from 1113 individuals, both unexposed and occupationally or environmentally exposed to heavy metals (mercury and lead), organic (styrene, formaldehyde, phenol and benzo(a)pyrene) and inorganic (sulfur and nitrogen oxides, hydrogen and ammonium fluorides) volatile substances and/or ionizing radiation was performed. In addition, 11,250 cells from 225 individuals were scored for the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE). Increased frequencies of CA were found in all occupationally exposed groups. A principal difference between the exposure to heavy metals and organic substances was found: increase in the CA frequency was dependent on duration of exposure to mercury but not dependent on duration of exposure to styrene, formaldehyde and phenol. A higher CA incidence was found in lymphocytes of children living in the vicinity of a plant manufacturing phosphate fertilizers. This indicates that children are a sensitive study group for the assessment of environmental exposure. However, the results of SCE analysis in these children were inconclusive. Exposure to ionizing radiation was found to cause chromosome breaks and chromatid exchanges in Chernobyl clean-up workers and chromatid breaks, chromatid exchanges, dicentric chromosomes and chromosome translocations in workers from the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant. The increased frequency of chromatid exchanges in individuals exposed to ionizing radiation was quite unexpected. This may be attributed to the action of some unrecognized life-style or occupational factors, or to be a result of radiation-induced genomic instability. Also an increased SCE frequency was found in lymphocytes of Chernobyl clean-up workers.
对1113名个体的175,229个细胞进行了染色体畸变（CA）的细胞遗传学分析，这些个体包括未接触者以及职业或环境接触重金属（汞和铅）、有机（苯乙烯、甲醛、苯酚和苯并(a)芘）和无机（硫和氮氧化物、氟化氢和氟化铵）挥发性物质和/或电离辐射的人。此外，对225名个体的11,250个细胞进行了姐妹染色单体交换（SCE）频率的评分。在所有职业暴露组中均发现CA频率增加。发现重金属暴露和有机物质暴露之间存在一个主要差异：CA频率的增加取决于汞的暴露持续时间，而不取决于苯乙烯、甲醛和苯酚的暴露持续时间。在一家生产磷肥工厂附近居住的儿童淋巴细胞中发现了较高的CA发生率。这表明儿童是评估环境暴露的敏感研究群体。然而，这些儿童的SCE分析结果尚无定论。在切尔诺贝利清理工人中发现电离辐射暴露会导致染色体断裂和染色单体交换，在伊格纳利纳核电站的工人中会导致染色单体断裂、染色单体交换、双着丝粒染色体和染色体易位。电离辐射暴露个体中染色单体交换频率的增加相当出乎意料。这可能归因于一些未被认识的生活方式或职业因素的作用，或者是辐射诱导的基因组不稳定的结果。在切尔诺贝利清理工人的淋巴细胞中也发现SCE频率增加。
