Mäittälä J, Pennanen S, Puputti M, Haapa K, Liesivuori J
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Kuopio, Finland.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1999 Nov;72(8):539-45. doi: 10.1007/s004200050413.
To assess the exposure of workers to alkoxysilanes and to determine the main route of exposure during the manufacture of fibreglass.
Occupational hygiene samples were taken from workers and their environment in a fibreglass factory during filament forming and the handling of coated fibres. The total exposure of workers to silanes was assessed by the collection of air samples into impinger flasks at stationary sampling sites, by the use of absorbent patch samples on workers' clothes or skin and from handwash samples. During the time of our field survey, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane were being used in different sizing mixtures. The samples were analysed by gas and liquid chromatography.
The silane concentrations in the air samples were below the detection limits of the analytical methods. The mean dermal exposure to 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, analysed from the patch samples, was 2,800 mg h(-1) in the forming room and 800 mg h(-1) in the winder room. The corresponding figures for 3-methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane were 3 and 9 mg h(-1). As determined in the handwash samples, the mean exposure to 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane through the hands was 1,500 mg h(-1) in the forming room and 1,800 mg h(-1) in the winder room, the respective values for 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane being 110 mg h(-1) and 90 mg h(-1). Only small quantities of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane were found in a few handwash samples.
Our results showed that the workers in the fibreglass factory were clearly exposed to silanes. The main route of potential exposure was through the skin, especially the hands, which emphasised the importance of wearing appropriate protective gloves. According to the patch sampling, on average two thirds of the total dermal exposure was caused by exposure of the forearm, as indicated by the amounts of silanes analysed in the forearm patches. Since almost every worker was wearing protective gloves, the main occupational health finding concerning exposure to silanes was that short-sleeved T-shirts did not provide any protection to the arms.
评估玻璃纤维制造过程中工人对烷氧基硅烷的接触情况，并确定主要接触途径。
在一家玻璃纤维工厂的长丝成型和涂覆纤维处理过程中，从工人及其工作环境中采集职业卫生样本。通过在固定采样点将空气样本收集到冲击瓶中、使用工人衣服或皮肤上的吸收贴片样本以及洗手样本，评估工人对硅烷的总接触量。在我们进行现场调查期间，不同的浸润剂混合物中使用了3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-缩水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷。样本通过气相色谱和液相色谱进行分析。
空气样本中的硅烷浓度低于分析方法的检测限。从贴片样本分析得出，在成型车间，工人对3-缩水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的平均皮肤接触量为2800mg·h⁻¹，在络纱车间为800mg·h⁻¹。3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的相应数值分别为3mg·h⁻¹和9mg·h⁻¹。根据洗手样本测定，在成型车间，通过手部对3-缩水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的平均接触量为1500mg·h⁻¹，在络纱车间为1800mg·h⁻¹，3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的相应数值分别为110mg·h⁻¹和90mg·h⁻¹。在少数洗手样本中仅发现少量的3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷。
我们的结果表明，玻璃纤维工厂的工人明显接触到硅烷。潜在的主要接触途径是通过皮肤，尤其是手部，这突出了佩戴合适防护手套的重要性。根据贴片采样，如在前臂贴片中分析的硅烷量所示，平均而言，皮肤总接触量的三分之二是由前臂接触引起的。由于几乎每个工人都佩戴了防护手套，关于硅烷接触的主要职业健康发现是短袖T恤对手臂没有任何防护作用。
