Szymanski L, King B H
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999 Dec;38(12):1606-10. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199912000-00027.
This summary provides an overview of the assessment and treatment recommendations contained in the Practice Parameters for the Assessment and Treatment of Children, Adolescents, and Adults With Mental Retardation and Comorbid Mental Disorders. The parameters were written to aid clinicians in the assessment and treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with symptoms of mental retardation (MR) and comorbid mental disorders. MR is a heterogeneous condition defined by significantly subaverage intellectual and adaptive functioning and onset before age 18 years. With an approach underscored by principles of normalization and the availability of appropriate education and habilitation, persons with MR generally live, are educated, and work in the community. Mental disorders occur more commonly in persons with MR than in the general population. However, the disorders themselves are essentially the same. Clinical presentations can be modified by poor language skills and by life circumstances, so a diagnosis might hinge more heavily on observable behavioral symptoms. The diagnostic assessment considers and synthesizes the biological, psychological, and psychosocial context of mental disorders. Comprehensive treatment integrating various approaches, including family counseling, pharmacological, educational, habilitative, and milieu interventions is the rule.
本综述概述了《智力发育迟缓及共病精神障碍儿童、青少年和成人评估与治疗实践参数》中包含的评估和治疗建议。这些参数旨在帮助临床医生评估和治疗有智力发育迟缓（MR）症状及共病精神障碍的儿童、青少年和成人。MR是一种异质性疾病，其定义为智力和适应性功能显著低于平均水平且发病于18岁之前。通过以正常化原则以及提供适当教育和 habilitation为重点的方法，患有MR的人通常在社区生活、接受教育和工作。精神障碍在患有MR的人群中比在一般人群中更常见。然而，这些障碍本身本质上是相同的。临床表现可能会因语言技能差和生活环境而有所改变，因此诊断可能更严重地依赖于可观察到的行为症状。诊断评估会考虑并综合精神障碍的生物学、心理和社会心理背景。综合运用包括家庭咨询、药物治疗、教育、habilitative和环境干预等各种方法的全面治疗是常规做法。
