Wagner J, Hahn H
Abteilung Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Institut für Infektionsmedizin des UKBF der FU Berlin.
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 1999 Oct-Nov;112(10-11):380-4.
Two different groups of bacteria carrying genes encoding for resistance to antibiotics may be transmitted from animals to humans via food products: a.) obligate infectious agents (enteric pathogens, e.g. Salmonella enterica spp., Campylobacter spp., EHEC) and b) facultative pathogenic species (e.g. E. coli, enterococci). Thus far, it is unknown whether genes encoding for resistance to antibiotics from these bacteria may be transferred to bacteria in normal flora of the host. The transfers of genes encoding for resistance to vancomycin from animal sources to the mucosa of humans has been suggested. Thus, there is a threat that these plasmid-encoded resistance genes may also be transferred to other gram-positive organisms present in the human flora. Vancomycin is the antibiotic in reserve for treatment of infections caused by oxacillin (methicillin) resistant strains of S. aureus and by strains of pneumococcus resistant to penicillin.
a）专性感染因子（肠道病原体，如肠炎沙门氏菌、弯曲杆菌属、肠出血性大肠杆菌）和b）兼性致病物种（如大肠杆菌、肠球菌）。到目前为止，尚不清楚这些细菌中抗生素抗性编码基因是否会转移到宿主正常菌群的细菌中。有人提出，编码万古霉素抗性的基因可从动物源转移到人类黏膜。因此，存在这些质粒编码的抗性基因也可能转移到人类菌群中其他革兰氏阳性菌的威胁。万古霉素是用于治疗由耐苯唑西林（甲氧西林）的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株和耐青霉素的肺炎球菌菌株引起的感染的备用抗生素。
