Swinburn B, Egger G, Raza F
Department of Community Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Prev Med. 1999 Dec;29(6 Pt 1):563-70. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1999.0585.
The "obesogenicity" of modern environments is fueling the obesity pandemic. We describe a framework, known as ANGELO (analysis grid for environments linked to obesity), which is a conceptual model for understanding the obesogenicity of environments and a practical tool for prioritizing environmental elements for research and intervention.
Development of the ANGELO framework. The basic framework is a 2 x 4 grid which dissects the environment into environmental size (micro and macro) by type: physical (what is available), economic (what are the costs), political (what are the "rules"), and sociocultural (what are the attitudes and beliefs). Within this grid, the elements which influence food intake and physical activity are characterized as obesogenic or "leptogenic" (promoting leanness).
Application of the ANGELO framework. The ANGELO framework has been piloted at the population level (island communities) to prioritize the settings/sectors for intervention and at the setting level (fast food outlets) to prioritize research needs and interventions. Environmental elements were prioritized by rating their validity (evidence of impact), relevance (to the local context), and potential changeability.
The ANGELO framework appears to be a flexible and robust instrument for the needs analysis and problem identification stages of reducing the obesogenicity of modern environments.
现代环境的“致肥胖性”正在推动肥胖症的流行。我们描述了一个名为ANGELO（与肥胖相关的环境分析网格）的框架，它是一个用于理解环境致肥胖性的概念模型，也是一个用于确定环境因素研究和干预优先级的实用工具。
ANGELO框架的开发。基本框架是一个2×4的网格，它按类型将环境分为环境规模（微观和宏观）：物理环境（可利用的资源）、经济环境（成本）、政治环境（“规则”）和社会文化环境（态度和信仰）。在这个网格中，影响食物摄入和身体活动的因素被表征为致肥胖性或“致瘦性”（促进瘦）。
ANGELO框架的应用。ANGELO框架已在人群层面（岛屿社区）进行试点，以确定干预的环境/部门优先级，并在环境层面（快餐店）进行试点，以确定研究需求和干预的优先级。通过评估环境因素的有效性（影响证据）、相关性（与当地情况的相关性）和潜在可变性来确定其优先级。
ANGELO框架似乎是一个灵活且强大的工具，可用于现代环境致肥胖性降低需求分析和问题识别阶段。
