Sempa Judith, Brenes Priscilla, Whitehair Kelly, Hobbs Lonnie, Kidd Tandalayo
Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health, Kansas State University, 919 Mid-Campus Drive North, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Department of Agricultural Economics, Kansas State University, 919 Mid-Campus Drive North, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Nutrients. 2025 Jun 24;17(13):2095. doi: 10.3390/nu17132095.
The ongoing obesity epidemic remains a significant public health challenge in the U.S. Nearly one-third of adults are overweight, and nearly half of the population (42.4%) are obese. These conditions, driven by poor and unsustainable diets, are major risk factors for several chronic diseases, including heart disease, which continues to be the leading cause of death in the country. This review aims to examine existing research on health care professionals' attitudes and perceptions of plant-based nutrition and explore how this knowledge can be utilized to promote the adoption of plant-based diets (PBDs) among Americans as an alternative to the standard American diet. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched in April, 2024. Out of the 151 articles identified, 27 were deemed eligible and included in the narrative review. Nine key themes were identified as major influences on the attitudes and behaviors of health professionals regarding PBDs. These themes were mapped with the domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to stratify key enablers and barriers to implementation of PBDs in routine care for patients. Key barriers to incorporating plant-based nutrition into routine care include time constraints, limited educational resources, insufficient skills, lack of multidisciplinary collaboration, and inadequate professional training. Access to evidence-based research summaries, clear guidelines, ongoing professional development, and other relevant educational resources were identified as facilitators of successfully integrating PBDs into everyday practice.
在美国，持续蔓延的肥胖症流行仍然是一项重大的公共卫生挑战。近三分之一的成年人超重，近一半的人口（42.4%）肥胖。这些状况由不良且不可持续的饮食导致，是包括心脏病在内的几种慢性病的主要风险因素，而心脏病仍是该国的首要死因。本综述旨在审视关于医疗保健专业人员对植物性营养的态度和认知的现有研究，并探讨如何利用这些知识来促进美国人采用植物性饮食（PBD），以替代标准美国饮食。2024年4月检索了PubMed和科学网数据库。在识别出的151篇文章中，27篇被认为符合条件并纳入叙述性综述。确定了九个关键主题，这些主题是影响医疗专业人员对PBD态度和行为的主要因素。这些主题与理论领域框架（TDF）的领域进行了映射，以分层分析在患者常规护理中实施PBD的关键促进因素和障碍。将植物性营养纳入常规护理的主要障碍包括时间限制、教育资源有限、技能不足、缺乏多学科协作以及专业培训不足。获取基于证据的研究摘要、明确的指南、持续的专业发展以及其他相关教育资源被确定为成功将PBD整合到日常实践中的促进因素。
