Walter R, Hoffman P L, Flexner J B, Flexner L B
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Oct;72(10):4180-4. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.10.4180.
Neurohypophyseal hormones and several of their analogs, as well as N-terminal and C-terminal fragments, have been studied for their ability to attenuate puromycin-induced amnesia in mice. [8-Lysine]vasopressin, [8-arginine]vasopressin, and the analogs des-9-glycinamide-[8-lysine]vasopressin, [1-beta-mercaptopropionic acid, 8-lysine]vasopressin, [1,6-aminosuberic acid, 8-lysine]vasopressin, [4-leucine, 8-lysine]vasopressin, glycyl-glycyl-glycyl-[8-lysine]vasopressin, [1-beta-mercaptopropionic acid, 8-D-arginine]vasopressin, and [1,6-aminosuberic acid, 8-arginine]vasopressin are active. [8-Arginine]oxytocin as well as oxytocin and all of its other analogs tested are inactive with the striking exception of glycyl-glycyl-glycyl-oxytocin. The structural aspects of the neurohypophyseal hormones which appear to be important for significant activity in memory consolidation include the combination of a cyclic moiety containing the Tyr and Phe residues along with a basic residue in position 8. Another series of active compounds comprises C-terminal neurohypophyseal peptides and analogs thereof, including the naturally occurring Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 and, most surprisingly, Leu-Gly-NH2, as well as its derivatives D-Leu-Gly-NH2 and the diketopiperazine, cyclo(-Leu-Gly-).
人们已经研究了神经垂体激素及其几种类似物，以及N端和C端片段在减轻小鼠嘌呤霉素诱导失忆方面的能力。[8-赖氨酸]加压素、[8-精氨酸]加压素，以及类似物去-9-甘氨酰胺-[8-赖氨酸]加压素、[1-β-巯基丙酸，8-赖氨酸]加压素、[1,6-氨基辛二酸，8-赖氨酸]加压素、[4-亮氨酸，8-赖氨酸]加压素、甘氨酰-甘氨酰-甘氨酰-[8-赖氨酸]加压素、[1-β-巯基丙酸，8-D-精氨酸]加压素和[1,6-氨基辛二酸，8-精氨酸]加压素具有活性。[8-精氨酸]催产素以及催产素和所有其他测试过的类似物均无活性，但甘氨酰-甘氨酰-甘氨酰-催产素是个显著例外。神经垂体激素中对于记忆巩固中的显著活性似乎重要的结构方面包括含有酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸残基的环状部分与8位碱性残基的组合。另一系列活性化合物包括神经垂体C端肽及其类似物，包括天然存在的Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2，最令人惊讶的是Leu-Gly-NH2，以及其衍生物D-Leu-Gly-NH2和二酮哌嗪环（-Leu-Gly-）。
