Hamdorf J M, Hall J C
Department of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Br J Surg. 2000 Jan;87(1):28-37. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.2000.01327.x.
Technical competence is the bedrock of surgery, yet it has only recently been viewed as a valid area for either critical evaluation or formal teaching.
This review examines the teaching of surgical skills. The core is derived from a literature search of the Medline computer database.
The impetus for surgical change has generally related to the introduction of new technology. Advances initially allowed for open operation within the main body cavities; more recently minimal access surgery has appeared. The latter was introduced in an inappropriate manner, which has led to the evolution of teaching of technical skills away from an apprenticeship-based activity towards more formal skill-based training programmes. There is now a need for a solid theoretical base for the teaching of manual skills that accommodates concepts of surgical competence.
技术能力是外科手术的基石，但直到最近它才被视为一个可进行严格评估或正规教学的有效领域。
本综述探讨了外科技能的教学。其核心内容源于对医学文献数据库（Medline）的文献检索。
外科变革的动力通常与新技术的引入有关。起初，先进技术使在主要体腔内进行开放手术成为可能；最近，微创手术出现了。然而，微创手术的引入方式并不恰当，这导致了外科技能教学从基于学徒制的活动演变为更正规的基于技能的培训项目。现在需要一个坚实的理论基础来进行手动技能教学，该理论基础应包含手术能力的概念。
