Framme C, Roider J
Augenklinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum der Universität Regensburg.
Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1999 Nov;215(5):287-93. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1034716.
Severe open globe injuries are frequent emergencies in an ophthalmologic clinic and required immediate operation. The extent of these injuries is various depending on the mechanism of the injury and involvement of ocular tissue. In many cases a full visual rehabilitation can be achieved but in a lot of cases blindness results. To prevent such severe eye injuries it is important to judge the leading injury mechanisms. For this we collected our data about open globe injuries.
Retrospectively we collected the data from 103 consecutive patients in the year 1996 and 1997, presenting with an open globe eye injury followed by operation. The data contained personal patients data, information about mechanism of injury, visual acuity, operation and rehabilitation. Statistical analysis was performed using binomimal-test and t-test for paired and unpaired samples (p < 0.05).
85.4% were male. Most of the injuries happened at home (38%) and at the working place (31%). Assaultive injuries happened in 6.8%. 35% of all patients were craftmen (mechanics, electricians, or the locksmith were preferred). Pensioners were affected in 14.6% of all cases followed by small children (7.8%) and school children (7.8%). In 50% of all cases metal and glass were responsible for the trauma, explosions were noticed in 8.7%. An intraocular foreign body was found in 37.9%. In 62% of all cases no second operation was necessary. An enucleation during the follow-up was performed in 2 cases.
At least a third of all severe eye injuries would have been preventable. Concerning the non-preventable injuries accidents at home and in children were predominating. The rate of the open globe injuries was 2.32 in 100.000 people, which is about the same like in US-American studies. Most of the injuries happened at home because of carelessness and would have been avoidable. The rate of injuries at the working place is significantly higher than in the USA but there were significantly more gun-shot-injuries or offensive accidents abroad. The rate of accidents at home and in traffic were the same. We think that public campaigns and prevention strategies can help to reduce the potential risk of severe eye injuries.
严重开放性眼球损伤是眼科门诊常见的急症，需要立即手术。这些损伤的程度因损伤机制和眼组织受累情况而异。在许多情况下可以实现完全的视力恢复，但在很多情况下会导致失明。为预防此类严重眼外伤，判断主要损伤机制很重要。为此我们收集了有关开放性眼球损伤的数据。
我们回顾性收集了1996年和1997年连续103例因开放性眼球损伤而接受手术的患者的数据。数据包括患者个人信息、损伤机制、视力、手术及康复情况。采用二项检验和配对及非配对样本的t检验进行统计分析（p<0.05）。
85.4%为男性。大多数损伤发生在家中（38%）和工作场所（31%）。攻击性损伤占6.8%。所有患者中有35%是工匠（以机械师、电工或锁匠居多）。退休人员占所有病例的14.6%，其次是幼儿（7.8%）和学童（7.8%）。所有病例中有50%的创伤是由金属和玻璃造成的，8.7%有爆炸情况。发现眼内异物的占37.9%。所有病例中有62%无需二次手术。随访期间有2例行眼球摘除术。
至少三分之一的严重眼外伤是可以预防的。在不可预防的损伤中，家中事故和儿童损伤占主导。开放性眼球损伤发生率为每10万人中有2.32例，与美国的研究结果相近。大多数损伤发生在家中是由于粗心大意，本可避免。工作场所的损伤发生率明显高于美国，但国外枪伤或攻击性事故明显更多。家中和交通中的事故发生率相同。我们认为公众宣传活动和预防策略有助于降低严重眼外伤的潜在风险。
