Kassam R, Farris K B, Cox C E, Volume C I, Cave A, Schopflocher D P, Tessier G
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 1999 Nov-Dec;39(6):843-56.
To describe the tools and processes used in the practice enhancement program (PEP) of the Pharmaceutical Care Research and Education Project to enable community pharmacists to acquire the necessary skills, knowledge, and attitudes to deliver comprehensive pharmaceutical care to elderly ambulatory patients.
Independent community pharmacies in Alberta.
The PEP was designed to allow self-directed learning in a problem-based environment. The intent was for pharmacists to apply the knowledge they gained to improve drug therapy outcomes.
As a systematic approach to providing care, several tools were adapted to help pharmacists execute tasks required by the nine steps of the pharmaceutical care process proposed by Helper and Strand. These tools and processes facilitated (1) self-directed learning about diseases and drugs, (2) acquisition of relevant patient data, (3) a consistent and stepwise approach to the identification and resolution of drug-related problems, (4) documentation of care provided, and (5) continuity of care.
To help pharmacists in the PEP acquire the necessary competency to provide pharmaceutical care, they were required to use the tools and processes described herein to work up and resolve patient problems. Initially, patient problems were presented as paper cases covering a range of acute and chronic problems, including topics applicable to geriatric patients. This was followed by a practicum phase wherein patient problems represented individuals from among their clientele.
The tools and processes used in the project increased community pharmacists' competency for providing pharmaceutical care, by helping them develop the needed skills, knowledge, and attitudes.
描述药物治疗照护研究与教育项目实践强化计划（PEP）中所使用的工具和流程，以使社区药剂师获得必要的技能、知识和态度，为老年门诊患者提供全面的药物治疗照护。
艾伯塔省的独立社区药房。
PEP旨在让药剂师在基于问题的环境中进行自主学习。目的是让药剂师运用所学知识改善药物治疗效果。
作为一种提供照护的系统方法，采用了多种工具来帮助药剂师执行由Helper和Strand提出的药物治疗照护流程九个步骤所要求的任务。这些工具和流程促进了：（1）关于疾病和药物的自主学习；（2）获取相关患者数据；（3）以一致且逐步的方式识别和解决药物相关问题；（4）记录所提供的照护；（5）照护的连续性。
为帮助PEP中的药剂师获得提供药物治疗照护所需的能力，要求他们使用本文所述的工具和流程来梳理和解决患者问题。最初，患者问题以纸质病例的形式呈现，涵盖一系列急性和慢性问题，包括适用于老年患者的主题。随后是实习阶段，其中患者问题代表其客户群中的个体。
该项目中使用的工具和流程通过帮助社区药剂师培养所需的技能、知识和态度，提高了他们提供药物治疗照护的能力。
