Westerlund Lo Tommy, Björk H Thony
Apoteket AB, Helsingborg and Stockholm, Sweden.
Ann Pharmacother. 2006 Jun;40(6):1162-9. doi: 10.1345/aph.1G680. Epub 2006 May 30.
To describe the organization and delivery of community pharmacy and medical care, as well as pharmaceutical care practice and research, in Sweden.
The Swedish retail pharmacy system of 800 community pharmacies and nearly 80 hospital pharmacies is unique in that it is organized into one single, government-owned chain, known as Apoteket AB. The pharmacy staff consists of pharmacists, prescriptionists, and pharmacy technicians. Some activities related to pharmaceutical care have been directed toward specific patient groups during annual theme campaigns. In the past few years, there has been a growing emphasis on the identification, resolution, and documentation of drug-related problems (DRPs) in Swedish pharmacy practice. A classification system for documenting DRPs and pharmacy interventions was developed in 1995 and incorporated into the software of all community pharmacies in 2001. A national DRP database (SWE-DRP) was established in 2004 to collect and analyze DRPs and interventions on a nationwide basis. Recently, a new counseling technique composed of key questions to facilitate the detection of DRPs has been tested successfully. Patient medication profiles are kept in 160 pharmacies, and a new national register of drugs dispensed to patients became available in 2006. Most pharmaceutical care studies in Sweden have focused on DRPs and resulting pharmacy interventions.
Swedish community pharmacy DRP work is in the international forefront but there is a potential for further developing cognitive services, given the beneficial organization of the country's pharmacies into one single pharmacy chain. The introduction of patient medication profiles has been both late and slow and has only had a marginal effect on pharmaceutical care practice so far. The universities do not appear to have any desire to influence the practice of pharmacy and could potentially take on a more active role in preparing pharmacy students for patient-oriented services. Current threats to pharmaceutical care practice and research include organizational changes, budget cuts, and reduced manpower of Apoteket AB.
The identification, resolution, and documentation of DRPs are central to community pharmacy practice in Sweden, resulting in a number of research studies. A national DRP database, patient medication profiles, and a new national register of drugs dispensed to patients provide opportunities for growth in pharmaceutical care practice and research in the country.
描述瑞典社区药房与医疗保健的组织与提供情况，以及药学服务实践与研究情况。
瑞典拥有800家社区药房和近80家医院药房的零售药房系统独具特色，它被组织成一个单一的国有连锁机构，即瑞典药房有限公司（Apoteket AB）。药房工作人员包括药剂师、处方员和药房技术员。在年度主题活动期间，一些与药学服务相关的活动已针对特定患者群体展开。在过去几年里，瑞典药房实践中越来越重视药物相关问题（DRP）的识别、解决和记录。1995年开发了一种用于记录DRP和药房干预措施的分类系统，并于2001年纳入所有社区药房的软件中。2004年建立了一个全国性的DRP数据库（SWE-DRP），用于在全国范围内收集和分析DRP及干预措施。最近，一种由关键问题组成的新型咨询技术已成功测试，有助于发现DRP。160家药房保存了患者用药档案，2006年有了一个新的全国患者配药登记册。瑞典的大多数药学服务研究都集中在DRP及由此产生的药房干预措施上。
瑞典社区药房的DRP工作处于国际前沿，但鉴于该国药房有益地整合为单一药房连锁机构，认知服务仍有进一步发展的潜力。患者用药档案的引入既晚又慢，到目前为止对药学服务实践的影响微乎其微。各大学似乎无意影响药房实践，在培养药学专业学生提供以患者为导向的服务方面可能发挥更积极的作用。目前药学服务实践和研究面临的威胁包括组织变革、预算削减以及瑞典药房有限公司人力减少。
DRP的识别、解决和记录是瑞典社区药房实践的核心，催生了多项研究。全国性的DRP数据库、患者用药档案以及新的全国患者配药登记册为该国药学服务实践和研究的发展提供了机遇。
