Harlow S D, Becerril L A, Scholten J N, Sánchez Monroy D, Sánchez R A
Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
Int J Occup Environ Health. 1999 Oct-Dec;5(4):267-75. doi: 10.1179/oeh.1999.5.4.267.
The authors interviewed an age- and occupation-stratified sample of 466 women, aged 18-40, from 12 Tijuana neighborhoods, about sociodemographic characteristics, work and reproductive history, and musculoskeletal complaints. A total of 29.8% reported experiencing aches or pain in the low back, 38.3% in the upper back, 26.4% in the neck/shoulders, 18.2% in the hand/wrist, and 28.3% in the legs in the preceding year. Both sociodemographic and occupational factors were associated with these complaints. Very low educational attainment, having substandard housing, being the head of household, and being a migrant were each associated with an increased prevalence of one or more musculoskeletal complaints. In general, working outside the home increased the risk of musculoskeletal complaints. Compared with women who had not worked in the preceding 30-month period, those working in the maquiladora had 40-90% higher risks of upper back, neck/shoulder, and hand/wrist pain. Compared with women working outside the maquiladora, maquiladora women workers had 20% higher risks of low back, upper back, and neck/shoulder complaints. More detailed studies of the incidences of musculoskeletal disorders and of specific etiologic risk factors within the maquiladora industry are warranted. Future studies should concurrently evaluate sociodemographic risk factors.
作者对来自蒂华纳12个社区的466名年龄在18至40岁之间、按年龄和职业分层的女性样本进行了访谈，内容涉及社会人口学特征、工作和生殖史以及肌肉骨骼方面的不适。共有29.8%的受访者报告在前一年出现过下背部疼痛，38.3%出现过上背部疼痛，26.4%出现过颈部/肩部疼痛，18.2%出现过手部/腕部疼痛，28.3%出现过腿部疼痛。社会人口学因素和职业因素均与这些不适有关。教育程度极低、住房条件不合格、作为户主以及身为移民，每一项都与一种或多种肌肉骨骼不适的患病率增加有关。总体而言，外出工作会增加肌肉骨骼不适的风险。与在之前30个月内未工作的女性相比，在边境加工区工作的女性出现上背部、颈部/肩部和手部/腕部疼痛的风险高出40%至90%。与不在边境加工区工作的女性相比，边境加工区女工出现下背部、上背部和颈部/肩部不适的风险高出20%。有必要对边境加工区行业内肌肉骨骼疾病的发病率和具体病因风险因素进行更详细的研究。未来的研究应同时评估社会人口学风险因素。
