Eshel Y
Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Israel.
J Soc Psychol. 1999 Dec;139(6):768-83. doi: 10.1080/00224549909598256.
In a sample of 9th-grade Jewish (n = 118) and Arab (n = 100) students in Israel who participated in planned binational encounters, the author examined in-group biases as a function of (a) their perceptions of the encounter between the groups as interpersonal or as intergroup contact and (b) their views of the status of their respective national groups in Israel as legitimate and stable. In comparisons of the 2 encounter groups (of equal status), both groups showed in-group biases. In comparisons of the national groups at large (of unequal status), the Arab students considered their group similar to the Jewish group, whereas the Jewish students rated their group more favorably than they rated the Arab group. For the Jewish, but not the Arab, students, in-group bias was contingent on simultaneous ratings (legitimate-illegitimate; stable-unstable) of the binational situation in Israel. The data support a 2-dimensional model rather than a 1-dimensional model of intergroup-interpersonal definition of the encounter.
在以色列参与计划好的双边交流活动的9年级犹太学生（n = 118）和阿拉伯学生（n = 100）样本中，作者研究了内群体偏见，该偏见是以下因素的函数：（a）他们对群体间交流是人际接触还是群体间接触的认知，以及（b）他们对各自民族群体在以色列的地位是否合法且稳定的看法。在对两个地位平等的交流群体进行比较时，两个群体都表现出内群体偏见。在对总体上地位不平等的民族群体进行比较时，阿拉伯学生认为他们的群体与犹太群体相似，而犹太学生对自己群体的评价比对阿拉伯群体的评价更积极。对于犹太学生而非阿拉伯学生来说，内群体偏见取决于对以色列双边情况的同时评级（合法 - 非法；稳定 - 不稳定）。数据支持群体间 - 人际交流定义的二维模型而非一维模型。
