Buzgo M, Endress PK
Int J Plant Sci. 2000 Jan;161(1):23-41. doi: 10.1086/314241.
Flower development and anatomy of Acorus calamus and flower anatomy of A. gramineus were studied. Findings were compared with published reports on paleoherbs. Important developmental features include an abaxially median tepal that is initiated first and is similar to a flower-subtending bract and unidirectional flower development with an inversion of organ initiation sequence in the second tepal whorl. The mature gynoecium is largely synascidiate, but early development of carpels is plicate, and the apocarpous portion persists up to anthesis. The carpels form dorsal bulges on the style, enclosing longitudinal intercarpellary slits. The dominance of the synascidiate portion and the apical position of the placenta result from a late and distinct basal elongation of the gynoecium. Stigma, pollen transmitting tract, and ovary are filled with secretion. Secretory papillae are present from the stigma to the placenta; papillae also occur on the rims of the integuments of the ovules. In the uppermost part of the inflorescence, the adaxial floral sectors are reduced in number and structure, and at the apex of the inflorescence, a peloria-like structure is formed. Developmental and morphological similarities seem to be closer between Acorus and Piperales than between Acorus and other magnoliids.
对菖蒲的花发育和解剖结构以及石菖蒲的花解剖结构进行了研究。研究结果与已发表的关于古草本植物的报告进行了比较。重要的发育特征包括：首先起始的位于远轴面中央的花被片，其类似于苞片，以及花的单向发育，在第二轮花被片轮中器官起始顺序发生反转。成熟的心皮大部分是合生的，但心皮早期发育是折叠状的，且离生心皮部分一直持续到开花期。心皮在花柱上形成背侧凸起，包围着纵向的心皮间缝隙。合生部分的优势和胎座的顶端位置源于心皮较晚且明显的基部伸长。柱头、花粉传播通道和子房充满分泌物。从柱头到胎座都有分泌乳头；在胚珠珠被边缘也有乳头。在花序的最上部，近轴面的花部扇区在数量和结构上减少，在花序顶端形成类似重瓣花的结构。菖蒲与胡椒目之间的发育和形态相似性似乎比菖蒲与其他木兰类植物之间的更密切。
