Moy E, Griner P F, Challoner D R, Perry D R
Center for the Assessment and Management of Change in Academic Medicine, Association of American Medical Colleges, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
N Engl J Med. 2000 Jan 27;342(4):250-5. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200001273420406.
Previous studies have demonstrated that a small number of the 125 medical schools in the United States receive a disproportionately large share of the research awards granted by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). We assessed whether the distribution of NIH research awards to medical schools changed between 1986 and 1997.
We used NIH data to rank medical schools in each year from 1986 to 1997 according to the number of awards each school received (as a measure of each school's activity in research, also referred to as research intensity). The proportion of awards received by schools ranked 1 to 10, 11 to 30, 31 to 50, and 51 or lower in research activity was then calculated, and changes over time were examined. We also examined changes in the distribution of awards and changes in award amounts according to the type of department, the type of academic degree held by the principal investigator, and the awarding institute.
Between 1986 and 1997, the proportion of research awards granted by the NIH to the 10 most research intensive medical schools increased slightly (from 24.6 percent of all awards to 27.1 percent), whereas the 75 least research intensive medical schools (those ranked 51 or lower) received proportionately fewer awards (declining from 24.3 percent to 21.8 percent). The increased proportion of awards to top-10 schools consisted primarily of increases in awards to clinical departments, awards to physicians, and awards from highly competitive NIH institutes. Basic-science departments received a smaller proportion of awards than clinical departments, both in 1986 and in 1997.
Research funded by the NIH is becoming more concentrated in the medical schools that are most active in research.
先前的研究表明，美国125所医学院校中，少数院校获得了美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）授予的研究奖中的绝大部分。我们评估了1986年至1997年间NIH研究奖在医学院校中的分配情况是否发生了变化。
我们利用NIH的数据，根据各医学院校获得的奖项数量（作为衡量各院校研究活动的指标，也称为研究强度），对1986年至1997年每年的医学院校进行排名。然后计算在研究活动中排名前10、11至30、31至50以及51名及以下的院校所获得奖项的比例，并研究其随时间的变化。我们还根据系的类型、首席研究员所持学术学位的类型以及授予机构，研究了奖项分配的变化和奖金额的变化。
1986年至1997年间，NIH授予研究强度最高的10所医学院校的研究奖比例略有增加（从所有奖项的24.6%增至27.1%），而研究强度最低的75所医学院校（排名51名及以下）获得的奖项比例相应减少（从24.3%降至21.8%）。排名前10的院校获得奖项比例的增加主要源于临床系获得的奖项增加、医生获得的奖项增加以及来自竞争激烈的NIH机构的奖项增加。1986年和1997年，基础科学系获得的奖项比例均低于临床系。
由NIH资助的研究正越来越集中于研究最为活跃的医学院校。
