Kaplan J E, Jones J L, Dykewicz C A
Division of AIDS, STD and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2000 Jan-Feb;47(1):15-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2000.tb00004.x.
Protist organisms (protozoa and fungi) have become increasingly prominent as opportunistic pathogens among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and among organ transplant recipients--two immunocompromised populations that have increased dramatically in the past two decades. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia continues to be the most common serious opportunistic infection (OI) among HIV-infected persons in the United States, occurring frequently among persons not previously receiving medical care. Toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, cryptosporidiosis, and isosporiasis occur frequently in HIV-infected persons in the developing world. Candidiasis and aspergillosis are common OIs in organ transplant recipients. As these populations of immunosuppressed patients continue to expand worldwide new OIs caused by protist pathogens are likely to emerge.
原生生物（原生动物和真菌）作为机会性病原体，在感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的人群以及器官移植受者中日益突出，这两类免疫功能低下人群在过去二十年中急剧增加。卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎在美国仍是HIV感染者中最常见的严重机会性感染（OI），在以前未接受医疗护理的人群中频繁发生。弓形虫病、隐球菌病、隐孢子虫病和等孢子球虫病在发展中国家的HIV感染者中很常见。念珠菌病和曲霉病是器官移植受者中常见的机会性感染。随着这些免疫抑制患者群体在全球范围内持续扩大，由原生生物病原体引起的新的机会性感染很可能会出现。
