de Pablo M A, Alvarez de Cienfuegos G
School of Experimental Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
Immunol Cell Biol. 2000 Feb;78(1):31-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1711.2000.00875.x.
Dietary lipid manipulation may affect a great number of immune parameters, such as lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine synthesis, natural killer (NK) cell activity, phagocytosis and so on. The immunomodulation induced by dietary fatty acids may be applied in the amelioration of inflammatory disorders, such as autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanisms that participate in these processes are still poorly understood. It is probable that modulation of immune system by fatty acids of the diet may occur by alteration of membrane fluidity, lipid peroxide formation, eicosanoid production or regulation of gene expression. However, recent studies have reported the effects of several free fatty acids on apoptosis induction of in vitro cultures. In fact, a possible explanation of the effects that fatty acids promote on the immune system cells could be associated with an apoptotic process performed in an irreversible way. In vivo studies have demonstrated the ability of fatty acids to alter the survival of animals fed diets containing oils and infected with a pathogenic bacterium. Experimental infection in animals fed dietary lipids produces a modification of resistance to micro-organisms. The present review analyses all of these parameters that dietary fatty acids are capable of altering in order to modify the immune response. Further studies will be needed to establish the mechanisms involved in immune system regulation, reduction of symptoms derived from autoimmune pathologies and so on.
饮食中脂质的调控可能会影响大量免疫参数，如淋巴细胞增殖、细胞因子合成、自然杀伤（NK）细胞活性、吞噬作用等。饮食脂肪酸诱导的免疫调节可应用于改善炎症性疾病，如自身免疫性疾病。然而，参与这些过程的机制仍知之甚少。饮食中的脂肪酸可能通过改变膜流动性、脂质过氧化物形成、类花生酸生成或基因表达调控来调节免疫系统。然而，最近的研究报道了几种游离脂肪酸对体外培养物凋亡诱导的影响。事实上，脂肪酸对免疫系统细胞产生的影响的一种可能解释可能与以不可逆方式进行的凋亡过程有关。体内研究已经证明脂肪酸能够改变食用含油饮食并感染病原菌的动物的存活率。给喂食饮食脂质的动物进行实验性感染会改变其对微生物的抵抗力。本综述分析了饮食脂肪酸能够改变的所有这些参数，以便调节免疫反应。还需要进一步的研究来确定参与免疫系统调节、减轻自身免疫性疾病症状等的机制。
